7.1 SpringSecurity安全框架
一.SpringSecurity概述
1.什么是安全
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在web开发中,安全第一位!之前使用的过滤器和拦截器都是为了安全的目的。
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不是网站的功能性需求
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应该在网站设计之初就考虑安全,防止隐私泄露等安全问题
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shiro、SpringSecurity框架:除了类不同和名字不一样,基本很像都是认证和授权等。
2.Spring Security简介
(1)SpringSecurity是针对Spring项目的安全框架,也是Spring Boot底层安全模块默认的技术选型,他可以实现强大的Web安全控制,对于安全控制,我们仅需要引入spring-boot-starter-security模块,进行少量的配置,即可实现强大的安全管理。
(2)几个重要的类
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WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter:自定义Security策略
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AuthenticationManagerBuilder:自定义认证策略
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@EnableWebSecurity:开启WebSecurity模式,@Enablexxxx开启某个功能
(3)SpringSecurity的两个主要目标是“认证”和“授权”(访问控制)
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“认证”(Authentication)
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“授权”(Authorization)
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这个概念是通用的,而不是只在SpringSecurity中存在
(4)springsecurity网址
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官网:https://spring.io/projects/spring-security
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JavaConfig配置:https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#jc
3.使用Spring Security
(0)步骤:项目根据用户权限显示不同权限用户所能见的内容
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新建springboot项目,添加springmvc,springsecurity,thymeleaf等模块(略)
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pom.xml导入依赖thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5
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导入静态资源和页面并配置管理thymeleaf缓存
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编写路由控制器
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以Java Config方式编写配置文件
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前端页面使用thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5
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测试
(1)pom.xml导入依赖thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5
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thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5是thymeleaf和springsecurity所整合的包
<!--thymeleaf和springsecurity整合包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5</artifactId> <version>3.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
(2)导入静态资源和页面并配置管理thymeleaf缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
(3)编写路由控制器
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建立controller文件夹并在其下建立RouterController.java
1 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 2 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 4 5 @Controller 6 public class RouterController { 7 8 @RequestMapping({"/", "/index"}) 9 public String index() { 10 return "index"; 11 } 12 13 @RequestMapping("/toLogin") 14 public String toLogin() { 15 return "views/login"; 16 } 17 18 @RequestMapping("/level1/{id}") 19 public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id) { 20 return "views/level1/" + id; 21 } 22 23 @RequestMapping("/level2/{id}") 24 public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id) { 25 return "views/level2/" + id; 26 } 27 28 @RequestMapping("/level3/{id}") 29 public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id) { 30 return "views/level3/" + id; 31 } 32 }
(4)以Java Config方式编写配置文件
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在controller同一级添加config文件夹并在其下建立SecurityConfig.java文件
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重写授权方法:
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此处设置了四个授权:首页所有人可访问,level1目录下的页面等级vip1可访问,level2目录下的页面等级vip2可访问,level3目录下的页面等级vip3可访问
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如果没有权限访问默认跳转到springsecurity的登陆页面
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定义登出页面为首页
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关闭跨站脚本攻击
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重写认证方法
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设置了三个用户以及这三个用户的权限
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1 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; 2 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; 3 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; 4 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; 5 import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; 6 7 //AOP 8 @EnableWebSecurity 9 public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { 10 11 // 授权 12 @Override 13 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { 14 15 16 //首页所有人可以访问,功能页只有对应有权限的人才可以访问 17 //请求授权的规则,链式编程 18 http.authorizeRequests() 19 .antMatchers("/").permitAll() 20 .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1") 21 .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2") 22 .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3"); 23 24 // 没有权限默认会到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面login 25 http.formLogin(); 26 27 // 注销,开启注销功能,注销后会跳转到/logout 28 // 可以清空Cookie和Session 29 //http.logout().deleteCookies("remove").invalidateHttpSession(true); 30 http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/"); 31 32 // 防止跨站脚本攻击关闭 33 http.csrf().disable(); 34 } 35 36 // 认证,在Spring Security 5.0+中需要对密码加密passwordEncoder 37 @Override 38 protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { 39 40 // 这些数据正常从数据库中读,此处使用inMemoryAuthentication从内存中读 41 auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()) 42 .withUser("wzh").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3") 43 .and() 44 .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3") 45 .and() 46 .withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1"); 47 } 48 }
(5)前端页面使用thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5
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定义命名空间: xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4"
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判断是否登录: sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()"
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获得登录用户名: sec:authentication="name"
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获得登录用户权限: sec:authentication="principal.authorities"
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判断是否有xxx权限: sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')"
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <title>首页</title> <!--semantic-ui--> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link th:href="@{/qinjiang/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <!--主容器--> <div class="ui container"> <div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu"> <div class="ui secondary menu"> <a class="item" th:href="@{/index}">首页</a> <!--登录注销--> <div class="right menu"> <!--未登录显示登录按钮--> <div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()"> <a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}"> <i class="address card icon"></i> 登录 </a> </div> <!--已登录显示用户名--> <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="item"> 用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span> 角色:<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span> </a> </div> <!--已登录显示注销按钮--> <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}"> <i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销 </a> </div> <!--已登录 <a th:href="@{/usr/toUserCenter}"> <i class="address card icon"></i> admin </a> --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center"> <h3>Spring Security Study by 秦疆</h3> </div> <div> <br> <div class="ui three column stackable grid"> <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')"> <div class="ui raised segment"> <div class="ui"> <div class="content"> <h5 class="content">Level 1</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')"> <div class="ui raised segment"> <div class="ui"> <div class="content"> <h5 class="content">Level 2</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')"> <div class="ui raised segment"> <div class="ui"> <div class="content"> <h5 class="content">Level 3</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div> <div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script> <script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script> </body> </html>
(6)测试
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guest用户
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wzh用户
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root用户
4.登录定制和记住我功能
(1)步骤:
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修改SecurityConfig.java文件
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修改login.html
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测试
(2)修改SecurityConfig.java文件
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登录页面为控制器的/toLogin方法跳转的页面,Security处理的登录请求为/login,用户名从user参数中拿到,密码从pwd参数中拿到,记住我从remember参数中拿到
1 http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin").loginProcessingUrl("/login").usernameParameter("user").passwordParameter("pwd"); 2 http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");
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完整代码
1 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; 2 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; 3 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; 4 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; 5 import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; 6 7 //AOP 8 @EnableWebSecurity 9 public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { 10 11 // 授权 12 @Override 13 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { 14 15 16 //首页所有人可以访问,功能页只有对应有权限的人才可以访问 17 //请求授权的规则,链式编程 18 http.authorizeRequests() 19 .antMatchers("/").permitAll() 20 .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1") 21 .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2") 22 .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3"); 23 24 // 1.没有授权会自动跳转到Spring Security自带的登录页面 http://localhost:8080/login 25 // 2.定制登录页:配置loginPage("/toLogin") 会调用控制器方法跳转到http://localhost:8080/toLogin 26 // 表单点击提交后跳转到 http://localhost:8080/login(因为要认证用户,使用Spring Security),表单的action动作为th:action="@{/login}" 27 // 其对应 http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin").loginProcessingUrl("/login") 28 // 3.配置表单提交来的用户名为user,密码为pwd 29 // <input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="user"> 30 // <input type="password" name="pwd"> 31 http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin").loginProcessingUrl("/login") 32 .usernameParameter("user").passwordParameter("pwd"); 33 34 // 注销,开启注销功能,注销后会跳转到/logout 35 // 可以清空Cookie和Session 36 //http.logout().deleteCookies("remove").invalidateHttpSession(true); 37 http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/"); 38 39 // 防止跨站脚本攻击关闭 40 http.csrf().disable(); 41 42 // 开启记住我功能,默认Cookie为14天过期,自定义接收前端参数 43 // <input type="checkbox" name="remember">记住我 44 http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember"); 45 } 46 47 // 认证,在Spring Security 5.0+中需要对密码加密passwordEncoder 48 @Override 49 protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { 50 51 // 这些数据正常从数据库中读,此处使用inMemoryAuthentication从内存中读 52 auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()) 53 .withUser("wzh").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3") 54 .and() 55 .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3") 56 .and() 57 .withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1"); 58 } 59 }
(3)修改login.html
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提交/login
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参数user,pwd,remember
1 <form th:action="@{/login}" method="post"> 2 <div class="field"> 3 <label>Username</label> 4 <div class="ui left icon input"> 5 <input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="user"> 6 <i class="user icon"></i> 7 </div> 8 </div> 9 <div class="field"> 10 <label>Password</label> 11 <div class="ui left icon input"> 12 <input type="password" name="pwd"> 13 <i class="lock icon"></i> 14 </div> 15 </div> 16 <div class="field"> 17 <input type="checkbox" name="remember">记住我 18 </div> 19 <input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/> 20 </form>
(4)测试成功