4、Hibernate的查询方式
一、Hibernate的查询方式:OID查询
1、OID检索:Hibernate根据对象的OID(主键)进行检索
1-1、使用get方法
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1L);
1-2、使用load方法
Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class,1L);
3、对象导航检索:Hibernate根据一个已经查询到的对象,获得其关联的对象的一种查询方式。
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1L);
Set<LinkMan> linkManSet = customer.getLinkMans();
4-1、HQL查询
Hibernate Query Language,Hibernate的查询语言,是一种面向对象的方式的查询语言,语法类似SQL。通过session.createQuery(),用于接收一个HQL进行查询方式。
package com.turtle.test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.dao.LinkMan;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* HQL的查询方式的测试类
*
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernater_01 {
@Test
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
public void demo1() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 创建一个客户
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("李向文");
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkm_name("王东" + i);
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
session.save(linkMan);
}
session.save(customer);
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* HQL的简单查询
*/
public void demo2() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 简单的查询
Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer");
List<Customer> list = query.list();
// sql中支持*号的写法:select * from cst_customer; 但是在HQL中不支持*号的写法。
/*
* Query query = session.createQuery("select * from Customer");// 报错
* List<Customer> list = query.list();
*/
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 别名查询
*/
public void demo3() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 别名的查询
/*
* Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer c"); List<Customer>
* list = query.list();
*/
Query query = session.createQuery("select c from Customer c");
List<Customer> list = query.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 排序查询
*/
public void demo4() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 排序的查询
// 默认情况
// List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer order by
// cust_id").list();
// 设置降序排序 升序使用asc 降序使用desc
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer order by cust_id desc").list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 条件查询
*/
public void demo5() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 条件的查询
// 一、按位置绑定:根据参数的位置进行绑定。
// 一个条件
/*
* Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer where cust_name = ?");
* query.setParameter(0, "李兵");
* List<Customer> list = query.list();
*/
// 多个条件
/*
* Query query = session.createQuery(
* "from Customer where cust_source = ? and cust_name like ?");
* query.setParameter(0, "小广告");
* query.setParameter(1, "李%");
* List<Customer> list = query.list();
*/
// 二、按名称绑定
Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer where cust_source = :aaa and cust_name like :bbb");
// 设置参数:
query.setParameter("aaa", "朋友推荐");
query.setParameter("bbb", "李%");
List<Customer> list = query.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 投影查询
*/
public void demo6() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 投影查询
// 单个属性
/*
* List<Object> list = session.createQuery("select c.cust_name from Customer c").list();
* for (Object object :list) {
* System.out.println(object);
* }
*/
// 多个属性:
/*
* List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery(
* "select c.cust_name,c.cust_source from Customer c").list(); for
* (Object[] objects : list) {
* System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects)); }
*/
// 查询多个属性,但是我想封装到对象中。
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("select new Customer(cust_name,cust_source) from Customer").list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 分页查询
*/
public void demo7() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 分页查询
Query query = session.createQuery("from LinkMan");
query.setFirstResult(20);
query.setMaxResults(10);
List<LinkMan> list = query.list();
for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
System.out.println(linkMan);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 分组统计查询
*/
public void demo8() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 聚合函数的使用:count(),max(),min(),avg(),sum()
Object object = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Customer").uniqueResult();
System.out.println(object);
// 分组统计:
List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery("select cust_source,count(*) from Customer group by cust_source")
.list();
for (Object[] objects : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* HQL的多表查询
*/
public void demo9() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// SQL:SELECT * FROM cst_customer c INNER JOIN cst_linkman l ON
// c.cust_id = l.lkm_cust_id;
// HQL:内连接 from Customer c inner join c.linkMans
/*
* List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery("from Customer c inner join c.linkMans").list();
* for (Object[] objects : list) {
* System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
* }
*/
// HQL:迫切内连接 其实就在普通的内连接inner join后添加一个关键字fetch. from Customer c inner
// join fetch c.linkMans
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("select distinct c from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMans")
.list();// 通知hibernate,将另一个对象的数据封装到该对象中
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
}
4-2、 HQL的多表查询
SQL的多表查询
连接查询
交叉连接:笛卡尔积
select * from A,B;
内连接 :inner join (inner 可以省略)
隐式内连接:
select * from A,B where A.id = B.aid;
显示内连接:
select * from A inner join B on A.id = B.aid;
外连接 :
左外连接:left outer join(outer 可以省略)
select * from A left outer join B on A.id= B.aid;
右外连接:right outer join(outer 可以省略)
select * from A right outer join B on A.id = B.aid;
子查询
HQL的多表查询
连接查询
交叉连接
内连接
显示内连接
隐式内连接
迫切内连接
外连接
左外连接
右外连接
迫切左外连接
5、QBC查询:Query By Criteria,条件查询。是一种更加面向对象化的查询的方式。
package com.turtle.test;
import java.util.List;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.dao.LinkMan;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.DetachedCriteria;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Projections;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* QBC的查询
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernater_02 {
@Test
/**
* 简单的查询
*/
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 获得Criteria的对象
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 排序查询
*/
public void demo2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 排序查询
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
// criteria.addOrder(Order.asc("cust_id")); // 升序
criteria.addOrder(Order.desc("cust_id")); // 降序
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 分页查询
*/
public void demo3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 分页查询
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(LinkMan.class);
criteria.setFirstResult(10);
criteria.setMaxResults(10);
List<LinkMan> list = criteria.list();
for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
System.out.println(linkMan);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 条件查询
*/
public void demo4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 条件查询
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
// 设置条件:
/**
* = eq
* > gt
* >= ge
* < lt
* <= le
* <> ne
* like
* in
* and
* or
*/
criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_source", "小广告"));
// criteria.add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%")));
criteria.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%"));
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 统计查询
*/
public void demo5(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
/**
* add :普通的条件。where后面条件
* addOrder :排序
* setProjection :聚合函数 和 group by having
*/
criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
Long num = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult();
System.out.println(num);
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 离线条件查询
*/
public void demo6(){
DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
detachedCriteria.add(Restrictions.like("cust_name", "李%"));
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria criteria = detachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(session);
List<Customer> list = criteria.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
transaction.commit();
}
}
6、SQL查询:通过使用sql语句进行查询
package com.turtle.test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.SQLQuery;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* SQL查询
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernate_03 {
@Test
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
/*SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery("select * from cst_customer");
List<Object[]> list = sqlQuery.list();
for (Object[] objects : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
}*/
SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery("select * from cst_customer");
// 这样就可以操作对应的对象了
sqlQuery.addEntity(Customer.class);
List<Customer> list = sqlQuery.list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
tx.commit();
}
}
二、 Hibernate的抓取策略(优化)
1、 延迟加载
什么是延迟加载
延迟加载:lazy(懒加载)。执行到该行代码的时候,不会发送语句去进行查询,在真正使用这个对象的属性的时候才会发送SQL语句进行查询。
延迟加载的分类
类级别的延迟加载
指的是通过load方法查询某个对象的时候,是否采用延迟。session.load(Customer.class,1l);
类级别延迟加载通过<class>上的lazy进行配置,如果让lazy失效
将lazy设置为false
将持久化类使用final修饰
Hibernate. Initialize()
关联级别的延迟加载
指的是在查询到某个对象的时候,查询其关联的对象的时候,是否采用延迟加载。
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class,1l);
customer.getLinkMans();----通过客户获得联系人的时候,联系人对象是否采用了延迟加载,称为是关联级别的延迟。
抓取策略往往会和关联级别的延迟加载一起使用,优化语句。
package com.turtle.test2;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* Hibernate的延迟加载
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernate_01 {
@Test
/**
* 类级别的延迟加载
* * 在<class>的标签上配置的lazy
*/
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = session.load(Customer.class, 1L);
Hibernate.initialize(customer);
System.out.println(customer);
tx.commit();
}
}
2、抓取策略
抓取策略的概述
通过一个对象抓取到关联对象需要发送SQL语句,SQL语句如何发送,发送成什么样格式通过策略进行配置。
通过<set>或者<many-to-one>上通过fetch属性进行设置
fetch和这些标签上的lazy如何设置优化发送的SQL语句
2-1 <set>上的fetch和lazy
fetch:抓取策略,控制SQL语句格式
select :默认值,发送普通的select语句,查询关联对象
join :发送一条迫切左外连接查询关联对象
subselect :发送一条子查询查询其关联对象
lazy :延迟加载,控制查询关联对象的时候是否采用延迟
true :默认值,查询关联对象的时候,采用延迟加载
false :查询关联对象的时候,不采用延迟加载
extra :及其懒惰。
在实际开发中,一般都采用默认值。如果有特殊的需求,可能需要配置join。
package com.turtle.test2;
import java.util.List;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.dao.LinkMan;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 在<set>上的fetch和lazy
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernate_02 {
@Test
/**
* 默认情况:
*/
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 查询1号客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1L);// 发送一条查询客户的SQL
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
// 查看1号客户的每个联系人的信息
for (LinkMan linkMan : customer.getLinkMans()) {// 发送一条根据客户ID查询联系人的SQL
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 设置fetch="select" lazy="true"
*/
public void demo2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 查询1号客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);// 发送一条查询客户的SQL
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
// 查看1号客户的每个联系人的信息
for (LinkMan linkMan : customer.getLinkMans()) {// 发送一条根据客户ID查询联系人的SQL
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
}
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 设置 fetch="select" lazy="false"
*/
public void demo3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 查询1号客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);// 发送两条SQL语句:查询客户的名称,查询客户关联联系人
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
/*// 查看1号客户的每个联系人的信息
for (LinkMan linkMan : customer.getLinkMans()) {//
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
}*/
System.out.println(customer.getLinkMans().size());
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 设置fetch="select" lazy="extra"
*/
public void demo4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 查询1号客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);// 发送一条查询1号客户的SQL语句
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
System.out.println(customer.getLinkMans().size());// 发送一条select count() from ...;
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* 设置fetch="join" lazy=失效
*/
public void demo5(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 查询1号客户
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);// 发送一条迫切左外连接查询记录
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
System.out.println(customer.getLinkMans().size());// 不发送
tx.commit();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
/**
* 设置fetch="subselect" lazy="true"
*/
public void demo6(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer").list();// 发送查询所有客户的SQL
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
System.out.println(customer.getLinkMans().size());// 发送一条子查询
}
tx.commit();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
/**
* 设置fetch="subselect" lazy="false"
*/
public void demo7(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer").list();// 发送查询所有客户的SQL,发送一条子查询
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
System.out.println(customer.getLinkMans().size());//
}
tx.commit();
}
}
2-1<many-to-one>上的fetch和lazy
fetch :抓取策略,控制SQL语句格式。
select :默认值,发送普通的select语句,查询关联对象。
join :发送一条迫切左外连接。
lazy :延迟加载,控制查询关联对象的时候是否采用延迟。
proxy :默认值,proxy具体的取值,取决于另一端的<class>上的lazy的值。
false :查询关联对象,不采用延迟。
no-proxy :(不会使用)
在实际开发中,一般都采用默认值。如果有特殊的需求,可能需要配置join。
package com.turtle.test2;
import com.turtle.dao.LinkMan;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* many-to-one上的fetch和lazy测试
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernate_03 {
@Test
/**
* 默认值
*/
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 1l);// 发送一条查询联系人语句
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
System.out.println(linkMan.getCustomer().getCust_name());// 发送一条select语句查询联系人所关联的客户
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* fetch="select" lazy="proxy"
*/
public void demo2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 1l);// 发送一条查询联系人语句
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
System.out.println(linkMan.getCustomer().getCust_name());// 发送一条select语句查询联系人所关联的客户
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* fetch="select" lazy="false"
*/
public void demo3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 1l);// 发送一条查询联系人语句,发送一条select语句查询联系人所关联的客户
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
System.out.println(linkMan.getCustomer().getCust_name());//
tx.commit();
}
@Test
/**
* fetch="join" lazy=失效
*/
public void demo4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
LinkMan linkMan = session.get(LinkMan.class, 1l);// 发送一条迫切左外连接查询联系人所关联的客户。
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
System.out.println(linkMan.getCustomer().getCust_name());//
tx.commit();
}
}
3、批量抓取,一批关联对象一起抓取,batch-size
package com.turtle.test2;
import java.util.List;
import com.turtle.dao.Customer;
import com.turtle.dao.LinkMan;
import com.turtle.utils.HibernateUtils;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 批量抓取
* @author jt
*
*/
public class Hibernate_04 {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
/**
* 获取客户的时候,批量抓取联系人
* 在Customer.hbm.xml中set上配置batch-size
*/
public void demo1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
List<Customer> list = session.createQuery("from Customer").list();
for (Customer customer : list) {
System.out.println(customer.getCust_name());
for (LinkMan linkMan : customer.getLinkMans()) {
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
}
}
tx.commit();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
/**
* 获取联系人的时候,批量抓取客户
* * 在Customer.hbm.xml中<class>上配置
*/
public void demo2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
List<LinkMan> list = session.createQuery("from LinkMan").list();
for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
System.out.println(linkMan.getLkm_name());
System.out.println(linkMan.getCustomer().getCust_name());
}
tx.commit();
}
}