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name='wangwu';--修改表中数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"P7gc-1658538573560","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"gwf4-1658538573559","leaves":[{"text":"select * from +表名 --查找表数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"jw6U-1658538573562","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"FRYt-1658538573561","leaves":[{"text":"删除数据：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"QroB-1658538573564","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"RVix-1658538573563","leaves":[{"text":"delete from stu（表名，可以自己定义）;---清空表数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"mM4w-1658538573566","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5ego-1658538573565","leaves":[{"text":"delete from stu +where +条件---删除指定的表数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"oiUH-1658538573568","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"GGuE-1658538573567","leaves":[{"text":"如：delete from stu where name='zhuqi';","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"TOCk-1658538573570","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"dmtr-1658538573569","leaves":[{"text":"DDL 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* from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id=1;","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"e0oT-1658538573591","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"zmtO-1658538573590","leaves":[{"text":"2.查询id不等于1的数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"U6F0-1658538573593","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"6OHx-1658538573592","leaves":[{"text":"select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id !=1;","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"McqW-1658538573595","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"tfih-1658538573594","leaves":[{"text":"select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where 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name='wangwu'--查询id小于3且姓名为","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"8PCr-1658538573620","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"LrL6-1658538573619","leaves":[{"text":"王五的成绩信息","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"RKTp-1658538573622","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"yeTs-1658538573621","leaves":[{"text":"between","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Q2q1-1658538573624","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"8aqv-1658538573623","leaves":[{"text":"select * from cjb where id between '1'and'3';--查询1-3之间的学生成绩信息","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"u2MY-1658538573626","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CTlM-1658538573625","leaves":[{"text":"not between","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"EJwv-1658538573628","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Rj0T-1658538573627","leaves":[{"text":"select * from cjb where id not between 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* from cjb where name ='wangwu' or name 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-uroot -p","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Or7Y-1658538628152","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"qlrO-1658538628151","leaves":[{"text":"2.赋予所有权限并刷新","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"hTL4-1658538628154","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"1vAN-1658538628153","leaves":[{"text":"3.开放防火墙端口（我们是在测试环境/本地，可以关闭防火墙）","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"xor1-1658538628156","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"YaLb-1658538628155","leaves":[{"text":"4.打开navicat","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"K7AU-1658538628158","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5x4z-1658538628157","leaves":[{"text":"5.输入服务器ip、赋予权限的账号以及密码，点击连接","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"EhFu-1658538628160","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CxAu-1658538628159","leaves":[{"text":"between...and","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"w8M2-1658538628162","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"MPYI-1658538628161","leaves":[{"text":"数据库备份：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"hg7c-1658538628164","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"K6rD-1658538628163","leaves":[{"text":"备份表结构：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sxug-1658538628166","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"shlg-1658538628165","leaves":[{"text":"create table ttt_bak202206011407 like pro;--创建一个xxx备份表，像原有","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"YRqd-1658538628168","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"WYRz-1658538628167","leaves":[{"text":"表pro","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"dK84-1658538628170","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"c6Yq-1658538628169","leaves":[{"text":"备份表数据：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"o3nH-1658538628172","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"WZmx-1658538628171","leaves":[{"text":"insert into ttt_bak202206011407 select * from pro;--给备份表插入数据","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"FhHg-1658538628174","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"9sw1-1658538628173","leaves":[{"text":"--数据来源于 已有表","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"9Cti-1658538628176","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"3gd6-1658538628175","leaves":[{"text":"备份表结构以及表数据：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"F0XS-1658538628178","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"fNXB-1658538628177","leaves":[{"text":"create table yyy as select * from 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备份文件名称.sql","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"WVt7-1658538628184","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZHHB-1658538628183","leaves":[{"text":"还原库：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"faIH-1658538628186","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"4YZ4-1658538628185","leaves":[{"text":"mysql -uroot -p 需要还原的库名 < 备份的文件名称.sql","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"VPmk-1658538628188","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"t1NA-1658538628187","leaves":[{"text":"select * from xsb,cjb where cjb.id=xsb.id; 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id 生成","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Engy-1658539088766","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Iuq7-1658539088765","leaves":[{"text":"10.cookie一般保存的数据不会超过4kb","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5v4H-1658539088768","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"kh9f-1658539088767","leaves":[{"text":"11.用户登录后进行二次请求时一般会携带token，如果token过期，会提示","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sre1-1658539088770","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"HcHN-1658539088769","leaves":[{"text":"重新登录；","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"nBLX-1658539088772","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Uaza-1658539088771","leaves":[{"text":"12.三种数据类型是共存的关系，都需要先从客户端主动发起请求后才会生成","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"X6wB-1658539088774","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"XiFL-1658539088773","leaves":[{"text":"考试内容：","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7G2T-1658539088776","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Yogw-1658539088775","leaves":[{"text":"vh/相关的面试问题","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7mHg-1658539088778","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"iPwL-1658539088777","leaves":[{"text":"linux指令","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"pXjF-1658539088780","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"hORj-1658539088779","leaves":[{"text":"黑白盒","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"j9zL-1658539088782","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"LPsc-1658539088781","leaves":[{"text":"数据库--有题目","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"GpwJ-1658539088784","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"gkFd-1658539088783","leaves":[{"text":"我们怎么搭环境？","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Gpdn-1658539088786","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"HSR5-1658539088785","leaves":[{"text":"上课的面试问题","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"UTYc-1658539088788","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"8M2y-1658539088787","leaves":[{"text":"接口题目：--问答","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Qvsl-1658539088790","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Wz5q-1658539088789","leaves":[{"text":"项目","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"t2Ho-1658539088792","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"X1dc-1658539088791","leaves":[{"text":"产品：一个大需求--细小需求","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"IJXr-1658539088794","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"P82V-1658539088793","leaves":[{"text":"假设一个开发三天能做一个普通的功能（这个开发是熟悉的）","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"MYfq-1658539088796","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"3XCw-1658539088795","leaves":[{"text":"15-17人","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"CtRB-1658539088798","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"j9zp-1658539088797","leaves":[{"text":"3个测试 9个开发 ui 产品 项目经理","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"icX4-1658539088800","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"XXl5-1658539088799","leaves":[{"text":"项目费用？","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"f7rP-1658539091443","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"81Je-1658539091440","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sjfE-1658538441948","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZEJn-1658538441945","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontFamily","value":"SimSun"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}}]'>

day1

iruance_njcity

iruance_njcity.

准备下载：QQ、微信、有道云笔记、有道云词典、谷歌、

pc机--个人计算机

物理机：实体计算机，给虚拟机提供环境。--又叫寄主或者宿主

dos：win+R 呼出 在输入框输入cmd

1.ipconfig--查看本机ip地址

2.ping+网址 检查自己网络是否通畅

3.切换磁盘位置：磁盘+： 如：d：

ps：dos命令不区分大小写

路径：

绝对路径：从根号目录下开始操作

相对路径：从当前目录开始一层层操作

CS、BS

面试问题：你们公司是什么架构的？

cs与bs回答其一

也可以说：我们公司是以bs为主 cs为辅

cs：客户端-->服务器 如：淘宝、微信、QQ

优点：传输快、使用内存少

缺点：需要安装软件，占用磁盘空间，服务器有更新，客户端也要同步

更新

bs：浏览器-->服务器 如：百度、谷歌、网页播放器

优点：不需要安装软件，不占用磁盘空间，服务器有更新

客户端不用更新

缺点：传输速度慢，使用内存多

项目需求：项目组内部提出的需求

客户需求：客户现场提出需求（产品调研出来的需求）

项目组成员角色：测试、研发（前端、后端）、产品、ui

实施、运维、架构

面试问题：你们项目组有多少人？

测试与研发比率-->1：3（4）

什么是软件测试？

俗称：找bug

专业术语：通过一定的测试方法和工具找出软件的缺陷，提交给

开发修复，提高产品质量

找出软件缺陷，验证软件的正确性，提高产品质量

需求测试：（需求文档测试）

终端类型：

web：电脑浏览器访问的项目

wap：移动端浏览器访问的项目

app：手机上安装的软件

小程序端：微信小程序

公众号端：微信公众号

兼容性测试：

web：谷歌、火狐、ie等兼容

wap：谷歌、火狐、手机自带浏览器、苹果浏览器

app：

系统：安卓、ios

手机厂商：华为p系列、mate系列、小米系统...

屏幕：

屏幕大小、屏幕类型

软件中的易用性测试：

是否方便使用

压力测试：

模拟一个高并发，多用户访问的情况下，软件可以承受

最大的压力

思考一下给你一支笔你该怎么去进行测试？

从需求说明开始考虑，其次是界面以及最明显的功能

最后考虑易用和压力

为什么要测试？

因为软件在生产中本身就有很多缺陷，软件是人编写

出来的，所以会有很多问题。

软件的生命周期：

一个产品从生产到报废的过程

软件/产品生命周期

产品从一个想法开始，到需求调研，到生产开始，

为用户使用到报废的过程

V模型：

用户需求：SRS

需求分析

概要设计：HLD、详细设计：LLD

编码与实现：coding、单元测试（UT）--开发提测时自测

集成测试：it 、系统测试：st---->集成与系统测试并称

系统集成测试：sit

验收测试：UAT

你们公司的流程是什么样子的？/你们项目流程是？

V （H）

GIT

linux：

su+用户名 切换用户

cd+目录路径 切换所在目录

pwd 查看当前所在位置路径

ifconfig 查看linux服务器ip

ping + 网址 检查linux服务器是否联网

ls -l（ll） 展示当前目录下所有文件/目录的详细信息

第一位d 代表是目录

第一位- 代表是文件

第一位l 代表连接文件

ls -A

展示当前目录下文件，包括隐藏文件（除了.和..）

ls -a

展示当前目录下文件，包括隐藏文件（包括.和..）

补充cd：

cd . 进入当前目录

cd .. 返回上级菜单

cd / 进入根号目录

cd ~ 进入家目录

cd 进入家目录

cd - 返回之前目录

创建目录、文件

mkdir + 目录名称 创建目录

mkdir + 目录名称 目录名称 目录名称 创建多个目录

中间用空格隔开。

mkdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3 递归创建目录

touch + 文件名称 创建文件

删除目录、文件

rmdir + 目录名称 删除目录（删除空目录）

rm + 文件名称 删除文件 删除前会提示是否删除，输入y确认

rm -r + 目录名称 删除目录 删除前会提示是否删除，输入y确认

rm -rf +文件名（目录名称） 强制删除 不会有提示

rm -rf * 强制删除目录下所有文件---（慎用！）

复制文件、目录

cp 复制文件

cp file1 file2(可以随意命名) 复制文件1为文件2

cp -r 复制目录

cp -r dir1 dir2(可以随意命名) 复制目录1为目录2

cp -rp 复制目录、文件

cp -rp 源目录 新目录 cp -rp 源文件 新文件

移动、重命名：

mv 重命名

如：mv 目标 新名称

mv 移动

如：

mv 目标文件 路径

mv /xxx/file2 路径（移动xxx目录下的文件到指定路径下去）

mv 目标文件 路径/命名

如：mv file1 /iruance03/file2

vim编辑命令

vim+文件名称 进入文件编辑界面

按i开始输入

esc停止输入

:q直接退出

:wq保存退出

！--表示强制

:q! 强制退出

:wq!强制保存退出

ctrl+C 保存 大写ZZ退出

vim：

命令下输入

:set nu 展示文件内容的行号

:/+关键字 关键字查询（找到关键字展示并且高亮）

:%d 清除内容

查看文件

cat 文件名 查看xx文件全部内容 cat file1

more 文件名 百分比查看xx文件 more file1

less 文件名 分页查看 xx文件 less file1 按ctrl+z 停止查看

head 文件名 查看文件（默认展示文件内容的前10行）

head -n 8（行数）文件名 指定查看文件的前8行（行数可以自定义）

tail 文件名 查看文件后十行内容

tail -f xxx.log 查看实时日志

sed -n 3,8p +文件名 查看 第3行到第8行的文件内容

grep '你想搜索的内容（文字）'+文件名 过滤查询文件内容中带有'xxx'

cat +文件名 |grep 'error(你想搜索的内容)' 查询文件内容中

带有'error'的内容

nl + 文件名 带有行号的查看文件内容

tac 文件名 反向查看文件内容

 

day2

clear 清屏

history 历史记录

ip addr 查看linux服务器ip

service network restart 重启网卡

rz：将本地文件上传到服务器里

sz+文件名称 将服务器文件下载到本地

systemctl stop firewalld---关闭防火墙

systemctl start firewalld---开启防火墙

systemctl restart firewalld---重启防火墙

systemctl status firewalld---查看防火墙状态

systemctl stop mysqld---关闭数据库服务

systemctl start mysqld--开启数据库服务

systemctl restat mysqld--重启数据库服务

查找文件：

find / -name file1 全局查找文件（file1）

netstat -ntlp 查看所有开启的端口

lsof -i:22(22这里为端口号，可以变动) 查看指定端口

查看进程：

ps -ef|grep tomcat(tomcat为进程名称，可以变动)

强制杀进程：

kill -9 +进程号 比如：kill -9 5049

rpm -aq|grep lrzsz 查找lrzsz安装包

yum remove lrzsz -y 卸载lrzsz包

yum install lrzsz -y 安装lrzsz

压缩包指令：

压缩、解压--tar包：

tar -cvf xxx.tar(压缩后的名称自己定义)+文件(目录名称)

压缩xx文件为xxx.tar包

tar -xvf xxx.tar(想要解压的压缩包名称) 解压xxx.tar包

压缩、解压--zip包：

zip xxx.zip(压缩后的名称自己定义) +文件（目录）

压缩文件（目录）为zip包

unzip xxx.zip（想要解压的压缩包名称） 解压zip包

扩充指令：

解压.rpm包 rpm -ivh xxx.rpm

解压.gz包 tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz

ps -ef 查看进程-----问题--查看到什么内容？

UID 用户名 （由谁启动）

PID 进程号

PPID 父进程号

TIME 时间

CMD 具体操作信息

扩充：

hostname 查看主机名称

hostname xxxx（名称）修改主机名称，断开工具后才会生效

uname -a 查看系统内部信息

init 0 关机（关闭虚拟机）

init 6 重启虚拟机

rebot 重启虚拟机

cat /etc/profile 查看系统配置文件

df 查看磁盘容量 df -h 带大小查看磁盘容量

top 查看cpu使用情况 -d参数：表示秒

top -d(秒) 3(秒数，可以自己定义)

free 查看内存使用情况

chmod

r：4

w：2

x：1

chmod 777(想要给的权限) 文件名 修改文件的权限

cat /etc/passwd --查看用户名

cat /etc/group--- 查看用户组

useradd + 姓名 -- 创建用户

passwd + 姓名 --给用户设置密码

userdel + 姓名 --删除用户所有记录

chown + 姓名 +文件名（目录名称） 修改文件（目录）的用户主

chgrp +姓名 + 文件名（目录名称） 修改文件（目录）的用户组

chown -R 姓名.姓名+文件名 修改文件的用户主与用户组

useradd+姓名+-g+已有分组姓名 -- 创建一个新的用户并且给用户进行分组

如：useradd qwer -g wang

覆盖、追加

cat 文件1 > 文件2 将文件1的内容覆盖到文件2中去

cat 文件1 >> 文件2 将文件1的内容追加到文件2中去

文件传输：scp sftp

scp：

scp （文件名称） （对方用户名）@（对方ip地址）:路径 将我的文件传输

到服务器（对方电脑）

scp file1 root@192.168.31.200:/home

scp 对方的用户名@对方的ip地址:路径/文件 我方路径 将对方服务器的文

件拿到我本地（我的服务器上来）

scp root@192.168.31.215:/home/xxx/xxx/文件 /home/lfh

sftp:

连接对方的服务器：sftp root@192.168.31.215

get 对方路径/文件名 我方路径

get /home/WWWWW /home/iruance03

put 我方路径/文件 对方存放路径

put /home/iruance03/WWWWW /home

断开连接：bye

sed -n '/开始时间/,/结束时间/p'xxx.log 查看一段时间内的日志文件

 

day3

提交bug时，如果你认为是一个bug，而你的开发不认为是一个bug，你会怎么

处理

1.这个问题我没有遇到过，但是我遇到bug我会记录很清楚

2.这个问题我没有遇到过，但是我另外一个同事遇到了，后面他们组织了bug的

评审会议

3.首先我会去复现这个bug，然后去找产品核对一下。组织一下对缺陷的评审

会议

----第1、2种回答一条就好

为什么分为xx个迭代？

因为后面的功能实现，需要依据前面的需求（依赖关系）

公司项目环境：

测试环境、开发环境、（演示环境）、灰度环境、预发布环境、正式环境

测试需要输出的文档：

测试计划、测试用例、（缺陷记录文档）、测试报告

扩充：

验收报告、操作手册（产品编写，有可能会让新人测试编写）

项目部署包：

.jar包

.war包

敏捷开发模型：

适用于项目周期短，人员变动小的项目

增量与迭代：

增量是将一个完整需求分割成许多小的功能

迭代可以作为一个完整的周期，每一次迭代都可以作为一个完整的子集

1、2讲重点：

1.什么是测试？

2.为什么要测试

3.你们公司的架构是什么样的？

4.你进入公司后会怎么做？/你们公司的流程是？

5.bs/cs 举例、（区别）、意思

6.v/h/敏捷

7.测试的原则

 

day4

黑盒测试、白盒测试、灰盒测试

黑盒测试 ：主要针对与功能的测试

白盒测试 ：代码逻辑测试

灰盒测试 ：接口测试

术语补充：

单体测试：只测试功能

需求评审：评审项目需求

用例评审：评审用例

缺陷评审：评审bug

整机测试：系统测试

等价类划分举例：

1.输入范围或值个数

2.输入布尔值

3.输入数据一组值

4.输入规则同时，划分一个有效等价（符合规则）和若干个无效类（从

不同角度违反规则）

账号： 正确 错误

密码： 正确 错误

验证码：正确 错误

1.账号、密码、验证码都正确，登录成功---正用例

2.账号错误，登录失败

3.密码错误，登录失败

4.验证码错误，登录失败

6位数字字符 非数字字符 小于6位 大于6位

年份（1990-2049） 小于1990 大于2049

月份（1-12） 小于1 大于12

199711

yy9711

19971

1997111

198911

205911

199700

199713

常见划分等价类的地方：

1.数值的范围

2.重复次数

3.字符串长度

4.字符串组的个数

5.文件命名

6.文件大小

7.屏幕颜色种类

8.超时时间

边界条件分析

1.输入条件明确了一个值的取值范围

2.输入条件明确了一个有效集合

边界值分析原则：

1.以边界附近的值测试点

2.比最大的大，比最小的要小

3.若输出或输入为有序列，则选取第一个和最后一个值，作为测试数值

0-100

上点

离点

内点

用例：

用例要素：

用例编号、用例标题、优先级、前置条件、测试步骤、预期结果

login01（DL01）

用例标题：使用正确的账号、密码、验证码登录成功

优先级：高（中、低）

前置条件：已有账号，密码--ps：前置条件就是你上一步操作的结果

测试步骤：1.输入正确的账号 如：admin

2.输入正确的密码 如：123456

3.输入验证码

4.点击登录

预期结果：登录成功

用例描述、重要级、模块划分、用例执行人、编写人、创建日期

账号： y n y n

密码： y y n n

登录成功 y

登录失败 n n n

公式：值^条件

6位数字字符 y n n n y y y n

前四为年 y y y n n n y n

后2为月 y y n y y n n n

对 y

错 n n n n n n n

什么是测试用例？为什么要写测试用例？

测试用例：测试功能是否实现的一组测试标题、测试步骤、预期结果记录

（或者称为：某个测试程序能否满足需求的一组数据）

原因：

1.用例是我们测试人员测试的工作内容呈现。

2.写了用例后执行测试用例，这个结果是保证质量的依据。

3.记录bug

4.为了以后的回归测试

因果图：

因：原因（输入条件）

果：结果（输出条件）

因果图中的约束：

E约束（异）

l约束（或）

o约束（唯一）

R约束（要求）

M约束（强制）

因果图和判定表一般用于输入条件的组合，在项目中常用于条件与条件

存在相互关系

或者相互制约的时候，我们就要利用这两种用例设计方法

ps：输入条件非常多的情况下，不适合使用因果图

因果图的步骤：

1.选出输入输出数据

2.画出因果图

3.将因果图转化为判定表

4.将判定表的每一项都做为一条用例

晚自习作业：售卖机--用xmind思维导图写出测试点

明天利用场景法或者我们学过的测试用例设计方法去写测试点或者编写

用例

正交表：

当输入条件特别多的情况下使用，抽取具有代表性的用例去执行

术语：

因素：判定表中的条件桩

水平值：判定表中的条件项

姓名 身份证 手机号码 y y y y n n n y n n n y

姓名 y y n n

身份证 y n n y

手机号码 y n y n

n n n

正交表特性：

1.整齐可比性

在同一张正交表中，每个因素的水平出现的次数是完全相同的

2.均衡分散性

在同一张正交表中，任意两列（两个因素）的水平搭配（横向形成

的数字对）是完全相同的

正交表设计测试用例注意点：

1.最终的用例，如果没有全真，也没有全假，那么最后再补一条

全真/全假用例

2.如果有全真，就补全假

3.如果有全假，就补全真

day 5

经验测试：

错误分析法

异常分析法

随机测试法

黑盒测试法：

等价、边界、场景、状态、判定、因果、正交

正常用例：

描述一个对的事情

异常用例：

与正常操作的结果相反

白盒测试：

黑盒测试与白盒测试区别：

黑盒测试也叫功能测试；

白盒测试也叫透明盒测试，检查程序内部结构以及路径是否符合规格说明

是否符合其代码规范。

因此，也叫结构测试或者逻辑驱动测试

白盒测试方法：

语句覆盖：考虑判断条件执行成功

分支覆盖：额外增加一条不成功的案例

判断覆盖：增加了全假数据，用最少数据去覆盖

条件覆盖：考虑到内部判断式，并且满足真假值

abc： x=1001 y=501 z=all

adef：x=101 y=500 z=5001

adg： x=100 y=500 z=5000

x>100 y>500 x>=1000 z>5000 1.真 真 真 真 2.假 真 假 假 3.真 假 假 真 4。

1.if A and B then priont1

2.if C or D then priont2

用语句与分支覆盖设计用例

ABCD的值用：true与false 表示

语句覆盖：A=true B=true C=true（或者D=true）

分支覆盖：

case1 A=true B=true

C=true D=false

case2 A=true B=false

C=false D=false

条件组合覆盖：

A B C D

t t t t

t f t f

f t f t

f f f f

白盒测试常用框架：

javaspringBoot

常用的计算机语言：

c c++ C# java vue html sql

python php css

路径覆盖：

要求覆盖程序中所有可能的路径。意思是说我们设计的测试用例

可以覆盖程序中所有可能执行路径。可以对程序进行彻底的测试用例

覆盖，但是我们的用例数会增多很多。所以路径覆盖是最彻底的测试

用例覆盖，但是实际上可操作性不强

白盒测试

优点：

1.迫使测试人员去仔细思考软件的实现；

2.帮助软件开发人员增大代码的覆盖率，提高代码的质量，发现代码

中隐藏的问题；

缺点：

1.昂贵:系统庞大时，测试开销会很大；测试人员的要求比较高

2.测试基于代码，只能测试开发人员做的对或者不对，而不能知道

设计是否正确，可能会漏掉一些功能需求

α测试 内部 非专业人员 ---alpha 阿尔法

β测试 在软件公司外部展开的测试，可以由非专业人员执行的测试-beta

贝塔

软件测试的主要工作内容？

H

你上一家公司的测试流程?

给到你需求 你怎么做？

需求分析

编写测试计划

编写用例

用例评审

搭建测试环境

执行用例开始sit1的测试

提交bug

补充用例

回归测试

...

输出测试报告

bug回归不通过，你会怎么处理？

1.继续提交给相关人员

2.附上bug相关截图说明

项目即将上线，你有一个bug和开发人员意见不一致你会怎么处理?

如果一个项目上线失败，那么与需求方面相关的原因有哪些？

1.需求有误 2.需求描述不清楚 3.临时增加需求

如果你接手了我们公司的项目，你会怎么去分析业务？

熟悉需求文档，开发设计文档，熟悉原有功能，（熟悉该功能的数据库

表结构）。 请教同事，查看同事之前提的bug或者是写过的测试用例

测试执行的工作过程有哪些？

部署环境、冒烟测试、sit测试、提交bug、回归测试

晚自习/周末

1.ATM机取现流程

2.微信：发朋友圈（图片、视频） 发红包

针对ATM机的取款流程进行测试

其基本流程如下：

1. 用户向ATM插卡，验证卡
2. 输入密码，ATM机验证密码
3. 输入金额，系统会验证金额
4. 出钞，并且数据库将帐户中的金额减去
5. 用户拿钱
6. 选择退卡
7. ATM机恢复初始状态

day 6

什么是数据库？

数据库是一个以某种组织的方式存储的集合。数据库是保存有组织的数据的容器

我们学的是？--mysql

它的优点：

1.学习成本低mysql是开源代码的，一般可以免费使用

2.代码运行性能快，mysql执行很快

3.信赖度高，某些非常重要的和声望很高的公司，站点使用mysql这些公司和站点都

用mysql来处理自己的重要数据

4.简单易用，mysql很容易安装和使用

mysql：

show databases;--查看库

show tables;---查看库里面的表

select database();--查看当前所在库

create database junjie（库名，可以自己定义）;--创建俊杰库

use + 库名--进入xx库

create table stu(name varchar(10),age int,sex char(5),hobby varchar(10));

创建表以及表字段（字段以及字符类型可以自己定）

desc+表名--查看表头

drop table +表名 -- 删除表 如：drop table stu;

insert into stu(name,age,sex,hobby)values('zhangsan',18,'GG','python');

插入数据。

insert into stu values('lisi',88,'MM','java');--已知表字段，直接插入

数据

insert into stu (name)values('wangwu'),('zhuqi');--指定插入表的某个字段

数据

练习：

创建一个cjb表，字段为编号、姓名、成绩(cj)、年龄、爱好

自己编辑相应的值

1.修改编号1的学生姓名为caixukun

update cjb set name='caixukun' where id=1;

2.修改编号为2的学生年龄为88

update cjb set age =88 where id=2;

3.修改编号为3的学生成绩为59

update cjb set cj=59 where id=3;

4.删除编号为4的学生数据

delete from cjb where id=4;

update stu set age=18 where name='wangwu';--修改表中数据

select * from +表名 --查找表数据

删除数据：

delete from stu（表名，可以自己定义）;---清空表数据

delete from stu +where +条件---删除指定的表数据

如：delete from stu where name='zhuqi';

DDL DML

DML 数据操纵语言--对表数据的新增、修改、删除、查询的语句

DDL 数据定义语言--对库、表的新增、修改、删除的语句

create table pro(id bigint,p_name varchar(255),price float,

create_time datetime,create_name varchar(255))charset utf8

comment'商品表';---创建商品表，并且设置中文编码--（备注：comment'商品表'）

数据库中的运算

整数运算：

1.查询id=1的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id=1;

2.查询id不等于1的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id !=1;

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id<>1;

3.查询id大于1的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id > 1;

4.查询id小于2的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id<2;

5.查询id大于等于1的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id>=1;

6.查询id小于等于2的数据

select * from pro（表名，可自己定义） where id<=2;

与运算:

and

select * from cjb where id<3 and name='wangwu'--查询id小于3且姓名为

王五的成绩信息

between

select * from cjb where id between '1'and'3';--查询1-3之间的学生成绩信息

not between

select * from cjb where id not between '1'and'3';--查询不在

1-3之间的学生成绩信息

或运算：

or

select * from cjb where name ='wangwu' or name ='lili';

查询成绩表中姓名是wangwu或者lili的学生信息

集合：

1.在集合内：in

select * from cjb where id in (3,4,5);查询id在3，4，5中的数据

2.不在集合内：not in

select * from cjb where id not in (3,4,5);查询id不在3，4，5中的数据

排序：

从大到小--order by....desc

select * from cjb order by id desc;

从小到大---order by...asc

select * from cjb order by id asc;

先升序，再降序---order by...asc,desc

select * from cjb order by id asc,cj desc;-先按照id升序，再按照成绩降序

limit 0,1---从0开始数取第一个值

select * from cjb order by id desc limit 0,1;

ps：第一位数代表从列表第几个开始取，第二位数表示取多少个

例如：

列表数据：[1,2,3,4,5]

下标： 0 1 2 3 4

模糊匹配（查询）--like

%匹配0个或者多个任意字符

_匹配一个字符

匹配：

like

查询学生姓名为zhang的学生信息数据

select * from cjb where name like 'zhang%';

不匹配：

not like

select * from cjb where name not like 'zhang%';

指定查看x行信息

select * from cjb limit 0,3;

聚合函数：

最大值：

select max(id) from cjb;

最小值：

select min(id) from cjb;

平均值：

select avg(id) from cjb;

求和：

select sum(id) from cjb;

统计：

select count(id) from cjb;

去重：

select distinct(id) from cjb;

最大减最小--差值

select (max(id)-min(id))差值 from cjb;

分组：

group by

having 过滤 只能用在group by后面使用

select name from cjb group by name;

查询姓名且分组

过滤出现2次的学生姓名

select name from cjb group by name having count(name)>=2;

空对象查询

为空：

select * from stu where sex is NULL or sex='';

查询性别为空的学生信息

不为空：

select * from stu where sex is not NULL or sex!='';

查询性别不为空的学生信息

 

day8

赋予查询权限：

grant select on . to root@'%' identified by 'Aa123456.';

flush privileges;

1.检查端口是否开放

2.服务器数据库是否打开

3.服务器ip、用户名、密码，是否正确

navicat连接服务器数据库：

1.进入服务器数据库--mysql -uroot -p

2.赋予所有权限并刷新

3.开放防火墙端口（我们是在测试环境/本地，可以关闭防火墙）

4.打开navicat

5.输入服务器ip、赋予权限的账号以及密码，点击连接

between...and

数据库备份：

备份表结构：

create table ttt_bak202206011407 like pro;--创建一个xxx备份表，像原有

表pro

备份表数据：

insert into ttt_bak202206011407 select * from pro;--给备份表插入数据

--数据来源于 已有表

备份表结构以及表数据：

create table yyy as select * from pro;

备份库：

mysqldump -uroot -p 库名> 备份文件名称.sql

还原库：

mysql -uroot -p 需要还原的库名 < 备份的文件名称.sql

select * from xsb,cjb where cjb.id=xsb.id; 基本连接

select * from cjb INNER JOIN xsb on cjb.id=xsb.id; 内连接

inner join ... on

select * from xsb LEFT JOIN cjb on cjb.id=xsb.id; 左连接

left join ... on 以左连接左边的表为基准表 进行连接 右边不足就补null

select * from cjb RIGHT JOIN xsb on cjb.id=xsb.id; 右连接

right join ... on 以右连接右边的表为基准表 进行连接 左边不足就补null

左连接一般左边放数据多的表

右连接一般右边放数据多的表

子查询：

select name from xsb where id=(select id from xsb where name ='zhangsan');

-- 标量子查询

表子查询：

select * from (select name from xsb)a;

列子查询：

select * from xsb f where f.id in (select id from cjb where id =1);

 

day9

alter table pro rename ppro;--修改表名称

alter table ppro change id sid int comment '商品编号';--修改原有表字段id

为sid 并且修改字符类型为int 并且进行备注

alter table ppro add chandi varchar(10) comment'产地';--新增表字段

alter table ppro add id int first;---新增表字段并且放在第一行

alter table ppro add ssid int after sid;--新增表字段并且放在指定字段后面

alter table ppro add(iid int,address varchar(10));--新增多个字段--用括号

括起来，中间用逗号隔开

alter table ppro drop iid,drop sid;--删除字段（可以删除多个中间用逗号隔开）

外键：

foreign key

创建主键：

create table nj (id int primary key ,name varchar(10))engine=innodb;

创表，并且给表字段创建主键约束

alter table nj change id sid int auto_increment comment'学号';

修改表字段并且给它增加自增约束 注意：字段必须有主键或者外键约束

alter table nj comment'南京学生表';--添加表备注

删除主键：

1.没有自增约束情况：

alter table nj drop primary key;--删除主键

2.有自增约束情况：

alter table nj modify sid int;--去除自增约束

alter table nj drop primary key;--删除主键

索引：

含义：索引是一种数据结构，索引是保存某个列上的所有数据的数据结构

作用：

针对一些有大量数据的表，可以提高查询的效率和性能

分类：

普通索引：index

唯一索引：unique

主键索引：primary key

创建唯一索引：

alter table ppro add unique (sid);

查看索引：

show index from ppro;

删除索引

1.alter table ppro drop index sid;

2.drop index sid on ppro;

创建主键索引：

alter table ppro add primary key(sid);

----create index primary key on ppro(sid);---

删除主键索引 不需要在主键后跟字段名称 删除普通以及唯一索引需要在索引类型后

跟上字段名

视图：

含义：虚拟的表，由行和列组成数据，视图不像表一样在数据库中存储数据，而是在

使用视图的时候查询数据

创建视图：

create view view_xsb as(select id from xsb);

搜索视图：

select * from + 视图名称;

视图的作用：

1.对数据保密

2.安全，不操作原始表，之操作视图，不能对关键字进行修改，一般表权限不能控制

表的行和列，而视图可以对字段权限控制

视图的特点：

1.视图依赖于基础表

2.比平时经常使用的多表创建简单，子查询sql创建一个视图，方便操作。--避免写

错对公司不适用的员工方便操作。

3.视图可对视图内的数据增删改查，也可以影响到原表，但对原表的其他数据不可以

修改

4.修改原表的数据对视图也会有影响

5.单表可删除数据，多表不行

ps：

1.使用的时候 尽量不要用 select *

2.使用视图尽可能不用from后加上sql子查询

3.不能给视图加索引

补充：

count() count(1) count(列名) 区别？执行结果：count()、count(1)统计表中所有的总数；

count(列名)统计时会忽略null值

执行速度：count(1)>count(列名)>count(*)

where、order by、group by 、having 之间的关系？

1.group by 子句必须出现在where子句之后，order by 子句之前，having 语句必须

在order by 子句之后。(where先执行，再执行group by分组，group by先分组，

having再执行)

2.除聚合函数计算语句外，select 语句中的每一个列都必须在group by 子句中给出

(count()为聚合函数)

例如：

#产生随机字符串，用于测试数据库

drop procedure if exists randstr;

delimiter $$

create procedure randstr(num int(11))

#为了容易区分那个函数或者存储过程是那个数据库的，

可以在函数名中加上数据库前缀test_randstr;

begin

declare str char(255) default 'q1we23r4t5y6u7i8o9p0asdfghjklzxcvbnm';

declare nums int(11);

declare returnstr char(255); #SQL变量名不能和列名一样

declare i int(11) default 0;

#在声明变量时一定要在begin语句之后，除begin外的任何语句之前

select floor(truncate(rand(),1)*36)+1 into nums;

#加1时为了防止产生随机数生成0的情况

select substring(str,nums,1) into returnstr;

#declare i int(11) default 0;

#在声明变量时一定要在begin语句之后，除begin外的任何语句之前，像这个语句是不允许的

while i

select floor(truncate(rand(),1)*36)+1 into nums;

select concat(substring(str,nums,1),returnstr) into returnstr;

#set returnstr=concat(substring(str,nums,1),returnstr);

set i=i+1;

end while;

select returnstr as randstr;

end

$$

delimiter ;

call randstr(5);

存储过程：

一般用于造测试数据

delimiter %% 分隔符

procedure 程序

create procedure xx() ---delimiter %% 开头，%%结尾

begin

存储代码(insert into...)

end

%%

 

delimiter %% 分隔符

drop procedure if exists xx;---增强健壮性

create procedure xx() ---delimiter %% 开头，%%结尾

begin

存储代码(insert into...)

end

%%

call xx ---call调用

例子：

CREATE DEFINER=root@% PROCEDURE 我的存储()

BEGIN

DECLARE i int DEFAULT 0;

WHILE i<100 DO

set i =i+1;

INSERT into yyy(id,p_name)values(i,'zhang');

END WHILE;

select * from yyy;

END

数据库事务：

事务是一个不可分割的数据库操作序列，也是数据并发控制的基本单位，其

执行的结果将使数据库从一种一致性状态变迁到另一种一致性状态，事务是

逻辑上的一组操作，要么全部执行，要么全部不执行

四大特性：

原子性

一致性

隔离性

持久性

关系型数据库与非关系型数据库

对比：

1.数据的存储方式不同

2.数据模式不同

3.扩展方式不同

4.对事务性的支持不同

5.查询速度不同（非关系型数据库比关系型数据库快，原因是关系型数据库（

sql）存储在硬盘中，查询速度较慢。非关系型数据库（nosql）不需要sql层

解析速度快）

 

day10

存储：

create procedure '调薪()'

begin

declare a int;

declare count int;

declare LEVELS int;

set d=select(to_days(2021-04-01) - to_days(curdate(hire_date)));

set LEVELS=5;

set count = select count(NAME) from T_EMP;

while count>0 do

while LEVELS>=0 do

if(i=1) then

set a =1000;

elseif(i>=2&&i<=5) then

set a = 1500;

elseif(i=6) then

set a = 2000;

else

set a=0;

end if;

update T_EMP set SAL=SAL+a where LEVEL=LEVELS;

set LEVELS=LEVELS-1 and to_days(curdate(hire_date)))>=365;

end while;

set LEVELS=5;

end while;

end

1. 用SQL查出2015年12月31日（含）前入职的员工清单（3分）

select * from T_EMP T,T_EMP E,T_EMP_LEVEL L where

E.HIRE_DATE<='2015-12-31'

2. 用SQL查出薪资超过本级别薪资上限的员工清单，包括员工工号、姓名、薪资和级别.(4分)

1. 用SQL查出薪资>5000的员工清单，包括员工工号、所属机构名称和薪资，按所属机构划分，机构内部按薪资降序排列。（3分）

4.用sql查出研发中心员工的数量（3分）

5.写一条sql语句，向机构表中插入一个部门：人事部（其他信息自定义）（2分）

6.用一条sql语句给“人事部”下属所有离职日期为空的员工涨薪30%（3分）

7.用一条sql语句删除“人事部”下的所有员工（2分）

8.请用存储过程实现给入员工调薪：要求：工作满一年的：1级员工薪资上调1000元，2级（含）以上、5级（含）已下，薪资上调1500元，6级员工薪资上调2000元；否则，薪资不变！（10分）

项目：

面试：个人基本信息+上家公司项目+运用技能

第一步：自我介绍 第二步：面试官问：讲一讲你最近的项目

第三步：

您好，面试官

我上一家公司的项目是xxx电商系统，它是用来实现商品与订单管理的系统

它分为客房管理、会员管理、订单管理、库存管理、营销推广、cms管理、客服系统、权限

管理、crm管理模块。

我主要负责：、商品管理、订单管理、库存管理

下面我来讲讲我主要负责模块流程

首页：（先介绍子模块）--（写出操作流程）

从第一步开始怎么往后面进行

商品管理：先介绍子模块）--（写出操作流程）

从第一步开始怎么往后面进行

补充：后面学习了禅道以及接口之后，可以讲bug或者接口测试、测试点的内容加在流程中

以上就是我主要负责模块的操作过程

晚自习作业：

将项目描述完成--至少目前完成一个

记忆项目流程，明天上课抽人介绍项目

 

day 11

项目：

面试：个人基本信息+上家公司项目+运用技能

第一步：自我介绍 第二步：面试官问：讲一讲你最近的项目

第三步：

您好，面试官

我上一家公司是做xxx项目/系统，它是做xxxx（作用或者背景）

它有ABCD几个模块，我主要负责：xxx、xxx模块，下面我来简单的介绍一下我

主要负责模块的流程。

商城管理：又分为xxx、xxx子模块（子菜单）---（操作流程）最好是能看到数据

在里面变化的操作流程

xxxx：又分为xxx、xxx子模块（子菜单）---（操作流程）最好是能看到数据

在里面变化的操作流程

ps：可以适当的补充印象bug，或者是接口测试的内容，以及说测试点等

以上就是我主要负责模块的操作流程

文档编写

测试计划：

测试报告：

面试可能会问的问题补充：

1.当版本上线前，如果客户增加了几个重要的功能，作为测试你会怎么办？

回答一：让产品对功能进行评估，然后找客户进行协商，若非要在上线前做出

来，作为项目组的成员，我们加班都会去完成。

回答二：测试人员分析需求，与产品反应，看本次增加功能对已完成功能的影

响如果影响不大，就按时上线，如果影响较大，看能否协商上线日期。协商

不成功，作为项目组成员，我们加班都会去完成。

2.版本上线后，一段时间内频繁出现问题，作为测试你会怎么办？

回答：在测试环境中复现问题，定位（漏测原因）问题原因，根据原因分析还

有没有其他侧漏的场景，然后由开发提交补丁在测试环境测试通过之后，部署

到线上环境。

bug等级--缺陷

致命

严重

一般

轻微/提示级

假设测试计划分三等份 迭代三个月 ~60 三个测试

准备阶段：>1/3 ~25天

需求阶段：概设 详设 ~5天

需求评审：~2天

编写测试用例：12天 ~36012=2160条

用例评审：~2天

用例导入工具：~0.5天

分配用例：~0.5天

执行阶段：<2/3 35天

sit1：~18天

sit2：~11天

sit3：~4天

预留时间：2天

晚自习：

1.人人都是测试组长，编写测试计划

要求：

测试计划：从6.8号开始 三个月周期 2个测试人员

2.搭建新的cms环境

ip:8080/cms

day12

如何搭建测试环境

jdk--环境变量

tomcat/nginx ---- 修改ip

redis--非关系型数据库，缓存服务器

项目包--war包---webapps -- 改相应的配置（ip 库名）

xxx.sql文件---数据库中用--建库 还原

开放防火墙端口

ip+端口--8080

nginx-8888

ip+端口+项目名称 cms/scms/newcms

 

复习

2.

docker搭环境

戴明环定律：

p计划 plan D实施 do c 检查 check A 处理 act

黑白盒 测试用例设计方法

区别

你们的版本多久迭代一次？---三月 半年

你们项目组有哪些人员？--开发、ui 产品 运维 架构 实施 测试

你们测试与开发的比例？1：3

你们项目组测试与开发分别多少人？--按照比例计算

你在一个版本迭代任务中做了哪些事？h

你在版本迭代中写了多少条用例？2*（60-80）*天数 1823

你在版本迭代中提了多少个bug？-- 学了测试报告 ~943

转测延期：提前和开发沟通是否能按时转测，如果延期看延期市场，如果是

半天一天可以加班赶进度，如果超过一天则需要找领导报告风险，看和开发

沟通是否转测部分需求

产品临时变更需求：找领导反馈，根据实际情况告知测试时间不足可能会有

漏测风险。再加班完成测试任务。

测试联调阻塞：找对方系统负责人反馈，将风险告知领导。用测试桩模拟对方

系统的请求，处理数据。

select stu.sname from sco left join stu on sco.sid = stu.sid

left join cou on sco.cid=cou.cid

where sco.grade=(select * from (select min(sco.grade) from sco left join stu on sco.sid = stu.sid

left join cou on sco.cid=cou.cid

where stu.sex = 1 and cou.cname='英文')a)

union

select stu.sname from sco left join stu on sco.sid = stu.sid

left join cou on sco.cid=cou.cid

where sco.grade=(select * from (select max(sco.grade) from sco left join stu on sco.sid = stu.sid

left join cou on sco.cid=cou.cid

where stu.sex = 0 and cou.cname='英文')a);

 

day13

易用性十大原则：

1.状态可见原则 2.环境贴切原则 3.撤销重做原则 4.一致性原则 5.防错

原则 6.易取原则 7.灵活高效原则 8.易扫原则 9.容错原则 10.人性化

帮助原则

需求的七大特点：

完整性、正确性、可行性、必要性、划分优化级、无二义性、可验证性

补充：

需求分析方法总结：

1.分析量性（表达点，语言是否准确）需求

2.挖掘隐藏需求

3.找出模块相关联的事情

4.分析用户特定需求

测试计划六要素：

why：为什么要进行测试

what：哪些方面，不同阶段的工作内容

when：测试不同阶段的起止时间

where：相应的文档，缺陷的存放位置

who：项目相关人员组成，安排哪些人员进行测试

how：如何去拿，使用哪些测试工具以及测试方法进行测试

测试计划包括哪些内容：

1.测试计划的目标 2.测试参考文档 3.测试术语与定义 4.测试内容

5.测试人员分工 6.测试进度 7.测试流程 8.测试工具 9.测试缺陷管理

10.测试的风险分析

项目上线的交付文档：

测试计划文档、测试用例文档、测试报告文档--（测试缺陷清单文档、性能测

试文档、回归测试文档）

xxx系统操作手册--原本是产品完成

重点：

1.戴明环

2.需求七大特点

3.十大原则

4.测试三要素

常见的bug管理工具

zentao（禅道）、jira、bugtags、bugfree、easybug

晚自习作业：

1.怎么将你修改的配置文件生效？

2.描述你上家公司项目的开发架构，公司人员配置

3.上课搭建环境(cms)的总结文档（过程、无法访问、验证码出不来的问题）

4.tomcat 如何部署多个项目

5.当你部署开发给的jar包时，怎么启动

6.常用的中间件（了解）

7.搭建测试环境一般需要什么？

8.项目--记忆

day14

nginx、tomcat

tomcat:web服务器，html页面部署服务公认最好用的服务之一，处理动态服务

（端口：8080）

nginx：web服务器，中间件，处理静态服务，可作为反向代理服务器

（端口：80）

redis：可作为缓存服务器，非关系型数据库

补充：

静态测试：指不用执行程序的测试，它主要采取方案-代码走查，技术评审、

代码审查的方法对软件产品进行测试。

动态测试：主要通过构造测试实例、执行程序、分析程序的输出结果这三种方

法来对软件进行测试。

测试报告+禅道导出清单、表格

测试报告：

计划

用例

报告

1--60-80

31380~ 3122

新增 遗留 遗留修复 复测失败

sit1 3122 2887 223 12 281 0 0 0

sit2 1231 1219 12 0 61 281 - 231 = 50

sit3 123 123 0 0 4 111 111 0

假设2787条用例开始sit1，一共四轮 排出用例与缺陷管理表

晚自习作业：

1.将测试报告补充完整（一份）

 

1.项目

2.用例：

12306订票需求说明

订票流程如下：打开订票系统→车票查询→选择车次预定车票并提交订单→订单确认→订单生效

a. 车票查询

输入出发地、目的地、出发日期、出发车次→可查询车次信息及座位是否有余票

b. 选择车次预定车票

选择车次，点击预定进入车票预定步骤，填写姓名、身份证号码、手机号码后，提交订单

c. 订单确认

提交订单后，显示订单信息，点击确认订单，完成订单提交

d. 生成订单号

生成订单号，完成订票流程

数据约定

1. 订票系统只能预定深圳到南京的车票；
2. 身份证的要求为18位，前17位为数字，后一位可为数字x（正常身份证号）；
3. 手机号码为11位；
4. 席位有三种选择，如：卧铺、软座与硬座；
5. 姓名为任意8位字符

车次信息

G123：深圳→长沙→南京

D456：深圳→广州→南昌→合肥→南京→上海

K789：深圳→福州→杭州→南京→济南→北京

练习

编写此次需求文案的测试用例，可根据实际中国铁路12306用户界面，结合实际需求进行

day15

构成网络的四要素：

有独立的计算机、通讯和网络设备、有网络软件、能实现资源共享

网络有哪些作用？

最主要--传播

网络传播特点：

全球性、交互性、超文本连接方式

2转10

1010

12^3+02^2+12^1+02^0=10

从左往右进行运算，算最左边开始的数字，应该乘以2的次幂（比位数少一）

最后将总数相加，所得到的取值为十进制

10转2

3306

110011101010

整数除以2，取余数，结果从最底下开始往上数，结果即第一位数必为1

Tcp/IP协议分层：应用层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层

OSI：（应用层、表示层、会话层）、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层

http/https区别：

https有ssl加密方式，有加密安全的证书（默认端口443）https的入参一般为

请求入参，放在头部，https入参量大

http没有加密，没有那么安全，默认端口80 http入参放在url后面，入参少

 

day 16

fiddler--接口抓包工具

常见接口测试工具：

jmeter、postman、fiddler、soapui、loadrunner

http://192.168.31.7:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456

接口组成：url+请求+响应=接口

（url（协议）+域名+端口号+方法名+入参（公共参数/请求参数）

请求方法：post/get

请求参数：（http/https）---username/password/tel/idcard

入参的类型：json、xml、form

返回：--状态码（code）+文本信息msg

什么是接口测试？

接口测试是测试系统各个组件之间接口的一种测试，接口测试主要用于检测

外部系统之间以及内部各个子系统之间的交互点。测试的重点是要检查数据

的交换，传递和控制管理过程，以及系统之间的相互逻辑依赖关系等。

请求头有些内容？

Accept：浏览器能够处理的内容类型

Accept-charset：浏览器能够显示的字符集

Accept-Encoding：浏览器能够处理的压缩编码

Accept-Language：浏览器当前设置的语言

Connection：浏览器与服务器之间连接的类型

cookie：当前页面设置的任何cookie

Host：发出请求的页面所在的域

user-Agent：浏览器的用户代理字符串

code--状态码

3开头一般是重定向问题 5开头一般是服务器问题

200--请求成功，正常

404--请求资源不存在

1.服务器有问题

2.防火墙

3.tomcat是否启动

4.某个路径下，请求资源是否存在

5.浏览器中输入地址错误

100--客户必须继续发出请求

101--客户要求服务器根据请求转换http协议

201--提示知道新文件的url

300Multiple choices --客户请求的文档可以在多个位置找到，这些位置

已经在返回文档列出，如果服务器要提出优先选择，则应该在location应答

头指明

301--资源（网页）被永久转移到其他url

303--建议客户访问其他url或访问方式

400--客户端请求语法错误，不能被服务器理解

401--请求未经授权，这个状态码必须和www-Authenticate报文域一起使用

403--（禁止）服务器拒绝请求

500--内部服务器错误

502--网关报错

504--（网关超时）服务器作为网关代理，但是没有即时从上游服务器收到

请求

断点：

全局断点：

Before Requests 在请求前断点 -- 这个时候并没有返回 快捷键：F11

After Responses 在响应后断点--这个时候可以看到返回 快捷键:Alt+F11

解除断点：shift+F11

单个断点：

在请求前拦截：bpu+url （bpu与url中间需要空格）

取消单个请求前断点：输入bpu后 直接回车

在响应后拦截：bpafter+url （bpafter与url中间需要空格）

取消单个响应后断点：输入bpafter后 直接回车

弱网：

1.ctrl+R

2.ctrl+F 搜索关键信息150/300

3.修改网络速度后保存修改

4.在Rlues里面选择performance-->smulate Modem Speeds让修改生效

手机抓包：

1.打开tools

2.勾选配置

3.安装证书

4.打开手机网络设置，手机与电脑同一网络

5.设置手机代理

补充问题： 1.你怎么去定位bug是前端还是后端的？ 1.1发现bug后，重现bug，使用抓包工具fiddler抓包分析（或者浏览器 调试） 1.2如果前端提交的数据在fiddler中显示错误，那么就是前端的bug 1.3如果前端提交的数据在fiddler中显示没有问题，那么就是后端的bug

首先复现bug，然后fiddler抓包查看自己入参是否正确，如果入参错误，那

就是前端问题，如果接口信息返回正确但是前端展示错误，那么也是前端

bug；如果接口返回数据有问题或者接口报错，那么就是后端bug，查看日志

定位问题。

如何抓包？（fiddler）

打开fiddler

打开被测网址/系统

进行请求操作

晚自习：

1.响应头中有哪些内容？

（可以百度）

2.抓包

cms：登录、添加用户、查询用户、退出登录

萤火商城：登录、商城新增、删除、菜单列表的新增、编辑、删除、

退出登录

要求：接口名称（复制粘贴）+请求入参参数（截图）

+返回状态码与返回信息（截图）

3.编写抓包工具的操作手册（怎么使用的？写出过程贴上截图）

过滤：

 

day17

接口测试的方法：

1.正常的请求

2.替换请求方式

3.url填写错误

4.必填参数不填

5.参数填写错误

6.接口与接口之间的交互（比如：新增后，点击查询；修改后，点击查询）

登录：

1.用户名正确，密码正确

2.用户名正确，密码错误

3.用户名错误，密码正确

4.都错

1.响应头中有哪些内容？

location--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器跳到哪里

server--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器服务器型号

content-encoding--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器数据的压缩格式

content-length--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器数据长度

content-language--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器语言环境

cintent-type--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器会送数据类型

refresh--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器定时刷新

content-disposition--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器以下载方式打开数据

transfer-encoding--服务器通过这个头告诉浏览器数据是以块方式 会送的

get与post区别？

1.get参数通过url传递，post放在请求体（request body）中

2.get请求在url中传递的参数是有长度限制的，而post没有

3.get没有post安全，因为参数直接暴露在url中，所以不能用来传递信息

4.get请求只能进行url编码，而post支持多种编码方式

5.get请求参数会被浏览器完整保留在历史记录中，而post中的参数不会保留

6.get与post本质上就是tcp链接，并无差别

ps：入参长度（存放位置）、安全性、支持编码方式

入参类型：json/xml/form

json格式：

{"username","zhangsan"

"password","123456"}

xml格式：

 

<123456>

form格式：

username|zhangsan

password|123456

怎么测试接口？

没有接口文档：

首先用fiddler抓包，再用postman进行测试

有接口文档：

直接把接口放进postman测试，若不是很完善，再用fidder进行辅助

接口具有时效性

登录后可以点击查询能成功，退出后点击查询失败

cookie：

当前的cookie依赖上一步的cookie，且具有时效性

postman断言：

tests["断言响应状态等于200"]=responseCode.code==200

tests["断言body响应中"]=responseBody.has('登录成功')

tests["断言响应时间是否小于100ms"]=responseTime<100

当前页面局部变量与全局变量（GLOBALS）：

局部变量需要根据当前接口去选择设置，全局变量不需要手动选择

上下文交接的接口：

批量执行接口：

1.选择接口菜单

2.点击Run

3.勾选需要执行的接口

4.运行

添加随机函数：

编写接口测试用例--方法：

1.正常请求

2.替换请求方式

3.url填写错误

4.必填参数不填写

5.参数填写错误

6.部分参数不填写

晚自习作业--接口测试用例编写：

cms：登录、添加用户、查询用户、退出登录

萤火商城：登录、商城新增、删除、菜单列表的新增、编辑、删除、

退出登录

65条

 

day18

考试一阶段二次

cookie,session和token异同：

1.三种都是以字符串的形式存储；

2.cookie与token是存放在客户端，而session存放在服务器中；

3.token是用户首次登录后，由服务器端返回的

4.session能大批量的存放到服务器中，但是会影响性能

5.cookie一般存放在浏览器中，会有数量限制，不安全；

6.一般比较重要的数据可以用session保存，其他用户操作可以在cookie中

7.每次用户登录都可能刷新token值

8.cookie可以直接在浏览器上获取，token需要拿到接口返回的key，通过索引

位来获取

9.cookie可以通过第一次请求后的session id 生成

10.cookie一般保存的数据不会超过4kb

11.用户登录后进行二次请求时一般会携带token，如果token过期，会提示

重新登录；

12.三种数据类型是共存的关系，都需要先从客户端主动发起请求后才会生成

考试内容：

vh/相关的面试问题

linux指令

黑白盒

数据库--有题目

我们怎么搭环境？

上课的面试问题

接口题目：--问答

项目

产品：一个大需求--细小需求

假设一个开发三天能做一个普通的功能（这个开发是熟悉的）

15-17人

3个测试 9个开发 ui 产品 项目经理

项目费用？