DOM(十)使用DOM设置单选按钮、复选框、下拉菜单
1.设置单选按钮
单选按钮在表单中即<input type="radio" />它是一组供用户选择的对象,但每次只能选一个。每一个都有checked属性,当一项选择为ture时,其它的都变为false.
先贴沙漠化一个例子:
<script type="text/javascript"> function getChoice() { var oForm = document.forms["uForm1"]; var aChoices = oForm.camera; for (i = 0; i < aChoices.length; i++) //遍历整个单选项表 if (aChoices[i].checked) //如果发现了被选中项则退出 break; alert("相机品牌是:" + aChoices[i].value); } function setChoice(iNum) { var oForm = document.forms["uForm1"]; oForm.camera[iNum].checked = true; } </script> <form method="post" name="uForm1" action="addInfo.aspx"> 相机品牌: <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="canon" value="Canon"> <label for="canon">Canon</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="nikon" value="Nikon"> <label for="nikon">Nikon</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="sony" value="Sony" checked> <label for="sony">Sony</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="olympus" value="Olympus"> <label for="olympus">Olympus</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="samsung" value="Samsung"> <label for="samsung">Samsung</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="pentax" value="Pentax"> <label for="pentax">Pentax</label> </p> <p> <input type="radio" name="camera" id="others" value="其它"> <label for="others">others</label> </p> <p> <input type="submit" name="btnSubmit" id="btnSubmit" value="Submit" class="btn"> </p> <p> <input type="button" value="检测选中对象" onclick="getChoice();"> <input type="button" value="设置为Canon" onclick="setChoice(0);"> </p> </form>
单选按钮在表单中即<input type="radio" />它是一组供用户选择的对象,但每次只能选一个。每一个都有checked属性,当一项选择为ture时,其它的都变为false.
从以上代码中看出,id和name是不同的,一组单选按钮中它们的name是相同的,只有一个被选中。id则是绑定<label>或者其它选择作用的。
其中代码中:检查被选中对象的代码是(当某一项的chcked值为ture时,遍历结束)
var oForm = document.forms["uForm1"]; var aChoices = oForm.camera; for (i = 0; i < aChoices.length; i++) //遍历整个单选项表 if (aChoices[i].checked) //如果发现了被选中项则退出 break; alert("相机品牌是:" + aChoices[i].value);
2.设置多选框
与单选按钮不同,复选框<input type="checkbox" />可以同时选中多个选项进行处理,邮箱中每条邮件之前的复选框就的典型的运用
<script type="text/javascript"> function checkbox() { var str = document.getElementsByName("hobby"); var objarray = str.length; var chestr = ""; for (j = 0; j < objarray; j++) { if (str[j].checked == true) { chestr += str[j].value + ","; } } if (chestr == "") { alert("请先选择一个爱好~!"); } else { alert("您先择的是:" + chestr); } } function changeBoxes(action) { var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"]; var oCheckBox = oForm.hobby; for (var i = 0; i < oCheckBox.length; i++) //遍历每一个选项 if (action < 0) //反选 oCheckBox[i].checked = !oCheckBox[i].checked; else //action为1是则全选,为0时则全不选 oCheckBox[i].checked = action; } </script> <form method="post" name="myForm1" action="addInfo.aspx"> 喜欢做的事: <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="ball" value="ball"> <label for="ball">打球</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="TV" value="TV"> <label for="TV">看电视</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="net" value="net"> <label for="net">上网</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="book" value="book"> <label for="book">看书</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="trip" value="trip"> <label for="trip">旅游</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="music" value="music"> <label for="music">音乐</label> </p> <p> <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="others" value="其它"> <label for="others">其它</label> </p> <p> <input type="button" value="全选" onclick="changeBoxes(1);" /> <input type="button" value="全不选" onclick="changeBoxes(0);" /> <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="changeBoxes(-1);" /> <input type="button" value="提交" onclick="checkbox()" /> </p> </form>
复选框原理利用checked属性布尔值进行确定,全选和不全选可以采用0和1的方式传递参数。
3.下拉菜单
下拉菜单<select>是比较常用的表单元素。当它的下拉为单选时,和单选按钮<input type="radio" />功能一样,当下拉菜单为多选时multiple="multiple时,功能相当复选框,但所占面积远小于复选框。
下拉菜单的常用属性
属性 | 说明 |
length | 表示选项<option>个数 |
selected | 布尔值,表示<option>是否被选中 |
SelectedIndex | 被选中选项的序列号,如果没有选项被选中则为-1,对于多选下拉菜单而言,返回第一个被选中的序号,从0开始计数 |
text | 选项的文本 |
value | 选项的值 |
type | 下拉菜单的类型,单选返回select-one,多选返回select-multiple |
options | 获取选项的数组 ,例如:oSelectBox.options[2],表示下拉菜单oSelectBox第三项 |
i.下拉菜单获取单选值
<script language="javascript"> function checkSingle() { var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"]; var oSelectBox = oForm.constellation; var iChoice = oSelectBox.selectedIndex; //获取选中项 alert("您选中了" + oSelectBox.options[iChoice].text); } </script> <form method="post" name="myForm1"> <label for="constellation">星座:</label> <p> <select id="constellation" name="constellation" > <option value="Aries" selected="selected">白羊</option> <option value="Taurus">金牛</option> <option value="Gemini">双子</option> <option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option> <option value="Leo">狮子</option> <option value="Virgo">处女</option> <option value="Libra">天秤</option> <option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option> <option value="Sagittarius">射手</option> <option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option> <option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option> <option value="Pisces">双鱼</option> </select> </p> <input type="button" onclick="checkSingle()" value="查看选项" /> </form>
ii.下拉菜单为多选时,取值
<script type="text/javascript"> function checkMultiple() { var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"]; var oSelectBox = oForm.constellation; var aChoices = new Array(); //遍历整个下拉菜单 for (var i = 0; i < oSelectBox.options.length; i++) if (oSelectBox.options[i].selected) //如果被选中 aChoices.push(oSelectBox.options[i].text); //压入到数组中 alert("您选了:" + aChoices.join()); //输出结果 } </script> <form method="post" name="myForm1"> <label for="constellation">星座:</label> <p> <select id="constellation" name="constellation" multiple="multiple" style="height:180px;"> <option value="Aries">白羊</option> <option value="Taurus">金牛</option> <option value="Gemini">双子</option> <option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option> <option value="Leo">狮子</option> <option value="Virgo">处女</option> <option value="Libra">天秤</option> <option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option> <option value="Sagittarius">射手</option> <option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option> <option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option> <option value="Pisces">双鱼</option> </select> </p> <input type="button" onclick="checkMultiple()" value="查看选项" /> </form>
iii.通用取值(下拉单选和多选的情况)
<script language="javascript"> function getSelectValue(Box) { var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"]; var oSelectBox = oForm.elements[Box]; //根据参数相应的选择下拉菜单 if (oSelectBox.type == "select-one") { //判断是单选还是多选 var iChoice = oSelectBox.selectedIndex; //获取选中项 alert("单选,您选中了" + oSelectBox.options[iChoice].text); } else { var aChoices = new Array(); //遍历整个下拉菜单 for (var i = 0; i < oSelectBox.options.length; i++) if (oSelectBox.options[i].selected) //如果被选中 aChoices.push(oSelectBox.options[i].text); //压入到数组中 alert("多选,您选了:" + aChoices.join()); //输出结果 } } </script> <form method="post" name="myForm1"> 星座: <p> <select id="constellation1" name="constellation1"> <option value="Aries" selected="selected">白羊</option> <option value="Taurus">金牛</option> <option value="Gemini">双子</option> <option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option> <option value="Leo">狮子</option> <option value="Virgo">处女</option> <option value="Libra">天秤</option> <option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option> <option value="Sagittarius">射手</option> <option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option> <option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option> <option value="Pisces">双鱼</option> </select> <input type="button" onclick="getSelectValue('constellation1')" value="查看选项" /> </p> <p> <select id="constellation2" name="constellation2" multiple="multiple" style="height:120px;"> <option value="Aries">白羊</option> <option value="Taurus">金牛</option> <option value="Gemini">双子</option> <option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option> <option value="Leo">狮子</option> <option value="Virgo">处女</option> <option value="Libra">天秤</option> <option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option> <option value="Sagittarius">射手</option> <option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option> <option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option> <option value="Pisces">双鱼</option> </select> <input type="button" onclick="getSelectValue('constellation2')" value="查看选项" /> </p> </form>