简单研究接口测试python request库

requests 测试demo        http://httpbin.org/

 

使用 pip 安装命令如下： pip install requests 安装检测 打开 cmd 窗口，输入 python 然后导入 requests 如果安装成功没有任何提示 import requests

 

发送不同类型 HTTP 请求

import requests
base_url='http://httpbin.org'
#发送 GET 类型的请求
r=requests.get(base_url+'/get')
print(r.status_code)


#发送 Post 类型请求
r=requests.post(base_url+'/post')
print(r.status_code)


#发送 PUT 类型请求
r=requests.put(base_url+'/put')
print(r.status_code)


#发送 Delete 类型请求
r=requests.delete(base_url+'/delete')
print(r.status_code)

 

GET 传参

import requests
base_url='http://httpbin.org'
param_data={'user':'zxw','password':'666'}
r=requests.get(base_url+'/get',params=param_data)
print(r.url)
print(r.status_code)

 

POST传参

form_data = {'user': 'zxw', 'passwd': '8888'}
r=requests.post(base_url+'/post',data=form_data)
print(r.text)

{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"passwd": "8888",
"user": "zxw"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "20",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "110.52.4.225",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

 

header 请求头定制

form_data = {'user': 'zxw', 'passwd': '8888'}
header={'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0'}
r=requests.post(base_url+'/post',data=form_data,headers=header)
print(r)

{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"passwd": "8888",
"user": "zxw"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "20",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "110.52.2.106",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

 

设置成浏览器的请求头

headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36'
}
r = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore",headers=headers)
print(r.text)

 

给请求设置cookie

import requests
cookie={'user':'51zxw'}
r=requests.get(base_url+'/cookies',cookies=cookie)
print(r.text)

运行结果：
{"cookies":{"user":"51zxw"}}

 

请求百度，然后获取cookie

# 获取 cookie
r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(type(r.cookies)) 
print(r.cookies)
for key,value in r.cookies.items():
 print(key+':'+value)

运行结果：
<class 'requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar'>
<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
BDORZ:27315

 

下面案例故意设置一个很小的超时时间，为了来看一下超时后的一个响应处理，但是实际测试过程中不要设置这短。

r=requests.get(base_url+'/cookies',cookies=cookies,timeout=0.001)
print(r.text)

 

上传文件接口

#上传文件
file={'file':open('zxw_logo.png','rb')}
r=requests.post(base_url+'/post',files=file)
print(r.text）

==========================================================================

 

会话(Session）

在接口测试过程中接口之间经常有依赖关系，比如下面这两个请求一个是设置 Cookie,另外一个是获取 cookie

#生成会话对象
s=requests.Session()
#设置 Cookie
r=s.get(base_url+'/cookies/set/user/51zxw')
print(r.text)
#获取 Cookie
r=s.get(base_url+'/cookies')
print(r.text)

{
 "cookies": {
 "user": "51zxw"
 }
}
{
 "cookies": {
 "user": "51zxw"
 }
}

 

SSL 证书验证

Requests 可以为 HTTPS 请求验证 SSL 证书，就像 web 浏览器一样。SSL 验证默认是开启的，如果证书验证 失败，Requests 会抛出 SSLError: 如果不想验证 SSL 则可以使用 verify 参数关闭验证 SSL。

r=requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')
#关闭验证 SSL
#r=requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
print(r.text)

raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.12306.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with
url: / (Caused by SSLError(CertificateError("hostname 'www.12306.cn' doesn't match either of 'webssl

 

代理设置

#代理设置
proxies={'http':'http://219.141.153.41:80'}
r=requests.get(base_url+'/get',proxies=proxies)
print(r.text)

{
 "args": {},
 "headers": {
 "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
 "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
 "Cache-Control": "max-age=86400",
 "Connection": "close",
 "Host": "httpbin.org",
 "User-Agent": "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52"
 },
 "origin": "219.141.153.41",
 "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}

 

身份认证

下面案例主要验证了 2 种身份类型：BasicAuth 和 digestAuth

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
#身份认证-BasicAuth
r=requests.get(base_url+'/basic-auth/51zxw/8888',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('51zxw','8888'))
print(r.text)
#身份认证——DigestAuth
r=requests.get(base_url+'/digest-auth/auth/zxw/6666',auth=HTTPDigestAuth('zxw','6666'))
print(r.text)

{"authenticated":true,"user":"51zxw"}
{"authenticated":true,"user":"zxw"}

 

 

流式请求

有一些接口返回值比较特殊，不是单纯返回一个结果，而是多个结果,比如某个查询接口，返回值为排行榜前 10 的 商品信息。

 

import json
r=requests.get(base_url+'/stream/10',stream=True)
#如果响应内容没有设置编码，则默认设置为 utf-8
if r.encoding is None:
 r.encoding='utf-8'#对响应结果进行迭代处理
for line in r.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):
 if line:
 data=json.loads(line)
 print(data['id'])
返回结果：
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9