mysql在linux上的安装
前提：
环境：workstation 11 + CentOS 7 + mysql-5.6.40
安装前先查看服务器里是否有老版本的mysql已经被安装了
rpm -qa|grep mysql
如果有就删除掉旧版本的mysql即可
rpm -e （上面那条命令得到的信息，即mysql软件包名） --nodeps
正式安装：
1.上传安装包到/usr/local/目录下，解压缩，重命名，配置环境变量
[root@hadoop ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@hadoop local]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@hadoop local]# mv mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/profile 添加变量：export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql 在PATH后面添加 :$MYSQL_HOME/bin [root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile
2.创建目录，添加用户组和用户
[root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_data [root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_log [root@hadoop local]# mkdir -p /data/log-bin [root@hadoop local]# groupadd mysql [root@hadoop local]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@hadoop local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data /data/mysql_log/ /data/log-bin/ [root@hadoop local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
3.配置my.cnf文件。根据自己需求填写，以下只是一个大概的例子
[root@hadoop local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] # GENERAL # user = mysql #default-storage-engine = INNODB default-storage-engine = MyISAM socket=/data/mysql_data/mysql.sock pid-file=/data/mysql_data/mysql.pid port = 3306 # MyISAM # key_buffer_size = 1000M myisam-recover-options = FORCE,BACKUP # SAFETY # max_allowed_packet = 16M max_connect_errors = 1000000 skip_name_resolve # DATA STORAGE # datadir = /data/mysql_data/ long_query_time = 1 # BINARY LOGGING # binlog_format=ROW log-bin = /data/log-bin/mysql-bin-3306 expire_logs_days =14 sync_binlog = 1 server-id = 1 max_binlog_size = 500M # REPLICATION # relay-log = /data/log-bin/relay-bin-3306 slave-net-timeout = 60 # CACHES AND LIMITS # tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size =32M max_connections =500 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit=65535 table_definition_cache = 4096 table_open_cache = 4096 # INNODB # innodb_data_file_path = ibdatal:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8G # LOGGING # log-error = /data/mysql_log/mysql-error-3306.log log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 slow-query-log = 1 long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_log/mysql-slow-3306.log # FOR SLAVE # #log-slave-updates = true #gtib-mode = on #enforce-gtib-consistency = true #master-info-repository = TABLE #relay-log-info-repository = TABLE #sync-master-info = 1 #slave-parallel-workers = 2 #binlog-checksum = CRC32 #master-verify-checksum = 1 #slave-sql-verify-checksum = 1 #binlog-rows-query-log-events = 1 #report-port = 3306 #report-host = 192.168.42.133
4.配置系统服务
[root@hadoop local]# cp -af /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@hadoop local]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld #修改两个变量，分别在46行和47行，set nu显示编辑文件行数 basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql_data [root@hadoop local]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@hadoop local]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@hadoop local]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
5.初始化数据库
[root@hadoop mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
6.启动数据库
[root@hadoop ~]# service mysqld start
7.执行mysql命令报错并解决
[root@hadoop ~]# mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
解决方法：执行软链接
[root@hadoop ~]# ln -s /data/mysql_data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@hadoop ~]# mysql #再次查看，成功登录mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye [root@hadoop ~]#
8.修改root用户密码，增加mysql的安全性
mysqladmin -u root password 'root' #设置密码后再执行mysql就无法登录mysql了 mysql -uroot -proot #登录mysql需要输入密码 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION; #允许root用户远程访问 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限 mysql> exit
[root@hadoop ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root' #设置密码 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@hadoop ~]# mysql #无法登录 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@hadoop ~]# mysql -uroot -p #这样登录 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye [root@hadoop ~]# mysql -uroot -proot #或者这样登录 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION; #远程访问 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
9.删除匿名账户。因为mysql数据库安装完之后自带一个匿名账户，这非常容易增加数据库受到安全攻击的风险。
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('your password') where user='';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('your password') where user=''; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
至此，我们的mysql就算安装完成了。
10.测试mysql是否可以远程登录。
由于HIVE有可能是调用远程的mysql进行元数据处理，我们需要测试一下是否可以远程登录mysql，为以后做准备。
如果你Windows本地装过mysql的话，直接cmd进入命令行，输入mysql -h 192.168.42.133 -uroot -proot，查看是否能登录。（我可以登录）
C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.42.133 -uroot -proot mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
如果你Windows本地没有安装过mysql的话，可以安装workbench，这个软件可以远程登录mysql进行管理和开发。
点击 Test Connection，显示连接成功，如下图
然后点击ok-->ok，可建立远程连接。
