【ELK】Elasticsearch的备份和恢复
非原创,只是留作自己查询使用,转自http://keenwon.com/1393.html
Elasticsearch的备份和恢复
备份
Elasticsearch的一大特点就是使用简单,api也比较强大,备份也不例外。简单来说,备份分两步:1、创建一个仓库。2、备份指定索引。下面一步一步来:
1、创建一个仓库(creating the repository)
假如共享文件存储介质挂载在/mount/backups/my_backup目录下,需要在elasticsearch.yml添加如下配置:
path.repo: ["/mount/backups/my_backup"]
否则在注册时,报如下错误:
{"error":"RepositoryException[[backup] failed to create repository]; nested: CreationException[Guice creation errors:\n\n1) Error injecting constructor, org.elasticsearch.repositories.RepositoryException: [backup] location [/mount/bak] doesn't match any of the locations specified by path.repo because this setting is empty\n at org.elasticsearch.repositories.fs.FsRepository.<init>(Unknown Source)\n while locating org.elasticsearch.repositories.fs.FsRepository\n while locating org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository\n\n1 error]; nested: RepositoryException[[backup] location [/mount/bak] doesn't match any of the locations specified by path.repo because this setting is empty]; ","status":500}
备份数据之前,要创建一个仓库来保存数据,仓库的类型支持Shared filesystem, Amazon S3, HDFS和Azure Cloud。下面以文件系统为例:
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup
- {
- "type": "fs",
- "settings": {
- "location": "/mount/backups/my_backup"
- }
- }
上面的代码,我们创建了一个名叫my_backup
的备份,存放在本地的/mount/backups/my_backup
目录下。除了location
参数外,还可以通过max_snapshot_bytes_per_sec
和max_restore_bytes_per_sec
来限制备份和恢复时的速度,如下:
- POST http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/
- {
- "type": "fs",
- "settings": {
- "location": "/mount/backups/my_backup",
- "max_snapshot_bytes_per_sec" : "50mb",
- "max_restore_bytes_per_sec" : "50mb"
- }
- }
注意:第一段代码用的是PUT
请求,用来创建repository,第二段代码用的是POST
请求,来修改已经存在的repository。
2、备份索引
仓库创建好之后就可以开始备份了。一个仓库可以包含多个快照(snapshots),快照可以存所有的索引,部分索引或者一个单独的索引。可以给索引指定一个唯一的名字:
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1
上面的代码会将所有正在运行的索引,备份到my_backup仓库下一个叫snapshot_1的快照中。上面的api会立刻返回,然后备份工作在后台运行。如果你想api同步执行,可以加wait_for_completion
标志:
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true
上面的方法会在备份完成后才返回,如果数据量大的话,会花很长时间。
如果只想备份部分索引的话,可以加上indices
参数:
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_2
- {
- "indices": "index_1,index_2"
- }
3、删除备份
不要手动删除文件(Elasticsearch一贯主张使用api操作,尤其是大集群中),删除snapshot_2:
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_2
如果备份正在后台进行,也可以直接删除来取消此次备份。
4、查看备份信息
直接使用GET
请求即可:
- GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_2
返回类似下面的值:
- {
- "snapshots": [
- {
- "snapshot": "snapshot_2",
- "indices": [
- ".marvel_2014_28_10",
- "index1",
- "index2"
- ],
- "state": "SUCCESS",
- "start_time": "2014-09-02T13:01:43.115Z",
- "start_time_in_millis": 1409662903115,
- "end_time": "2014-09-02T13:01:43.439Z",
- "end_time_in_millis": 1409662903439,
- "duration_in_millis": 324,
- "failures": [],
- "shards": {
- "total": 10,
- "failed": 0,
- "successful": 10
- }
- }
- ]
- }
如果要查看所有索引的信息,使用如下api:
- GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/_all
另外还有个一api可以看到更加详细的信息:
- GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_3/_status
恢复
备份好后,恢复就更容易了,恢复snapshot_1里的全部索引:
- POST http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/_restore
这个api还有额外的参数:
- POST http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/_restore
- {
- "indices": "index_1",
- "rename_pattern": "index_(.+)",
- "rename_replacement": "restored_index_$1"
- }
参数indices
设置只恢复index_1索引,参数rename_pattern
和rename_replacement
用来正则匹配要恢复的索引,并且重命名。和备份一样,api会立刻返回值,然后在后台执行恢复,使用wait_for_completion
标记强制同步执行。
另外可以使用下面两个api查看状态:
- GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_recovery/restored_index_3
- GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_recovery/
如果要取消恢复过程(不管是已经恢复完,还是正在恢复),直接删除索引即可:
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:9200/restored_index_3