Spring有用功能--Profile、WebService、缓存、消息、ORM
本篇介绍一些Spring与其它框架结合的有用功能,包含:Apache CXF WebService框架、Redis缓存、RabbitMQ消息、MyBatis框架。
另外对于Profile,也是Spring3.0開始新加的功能,对于开发測试环境、和生产环境分别採用不同的配置,有一定用处。
Profile
Spring3.1新属性管理API:PropertySource、Environment、Profile。
Environment:环境。本身是一个PropertyResolver,可是提供了Profile特性,即能够依据环境得到对应数据(即激活不同的Profile。能够得到不同的属性数据,比方用于多环境场景的配置(正式机、測试机、开发机DataSource配置))。
Profile:剖面,仅仅有激活的剖面的组件/配置才会注冊到Spring容器,类似于maven中profile。Spring 3.1添加了一个在不同环境之间简单切换的profile概念, 能够在不改动不论什么文件的情况下让project分别在 dev/test/production 等环境下执行。
为了减小部署维护,能够让project会默认执行在dev模式,而測试环境和生产环境通过添加jvm參数激活 production的profile.
比方。对于例如以下的一个样例。因为測试环境和生产环境,连接数据库的方式不一样。能够有例如以下的解决的方法:
1、首先ApplicationContext.xml中,xsi:schemaLocation须要引用3.2的xsd
2、ApplicationContext.xml配置例如以下:
<beans profile="production"> <bean id="dataSourcejdbc" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean"> <property name="jndiName" value="java:/MySqlDS_JDBC" /> </bean> </beans> <beans profile="dev"> <bean id="dataSourcejdbc" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://IP:3306/db?characterEncoding=utf-8"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="root"/> </bean> </beans>
3、开发环境配置。在web.xml中,例如以下配置:
<context-param> <param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name> <param-value>dev</param-value> </context-param>
4、生产环境配置
比方,对于Jboss,在bin/run.conf里面。添加启动參数:-Dspring.profiles.active=production
JAVA_OPTS="-Xms2048m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m -Dorg.jboss.resolver.warning=true -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.lang.ClassLoader.allowArraySyntax=true -Dorg.terracotta.quartz.skipUpdateCheck=true -Dspring.profiles.active=production"
以上是对于Web项目中怎样利用profile的一种演示,假设是maven项目,也能够在maven打包时採用不同的profile。命令例如以下:
mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Ponline
通过P參数採用不同的profile,这样能够实现为开发、測试、生产打出不同的包。
只是。不推荐这样的打包方式。应该是对于开发、測试、生产打出一样的包,然后依据机器本身的环境。来决定程序是依照那种环境来执行。
假设公司有依据环境变量的自己主动化部署方式(比方dev/test/stage/online)。则这个profile是很管用的。
WebService
Java生态下的WebService框架许多,apache cxf 是与spring结合最好的一种。配置过程例如以下:
1、pom.xml,添加依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxws</artifactId> <version>2.7.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http</artifactId> <version>2.7.5</version> </dependency>
2、web.xml。添加servlet:
<!-- Web Service声明開始 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>cxf</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>cxf</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Web Service声明结束 -->
3、resources文件夹下。添加applicationContext-cxf.xml,内容例如以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd"> <!-- <import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" /> <import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml" /> --> <jaxws:endpoint implementor="#basicWebService" address="/BasicWebService" /> </beans>
4、BasicWebService来的内容大致例如以下:
@WebService(name = "BasicWebService", serviceName = "BasicWebService", portName = "BasicWebServicePort", targetNamespace = "http://api.domain.com/ws") @Service public class BasicWebService { @WebMethod public void sendHtmlMail(@WebParam(name = "headName") String headName, @WebParam(name = "sendHtml") String sendHtml) { sendMail.doSendHtmlEmail(headName, sendHtml); } }
使用Apache CXF框架,是被Spring容器管理的,也就是说,BasicWebService本身能够设置@Service标记,也能够在BasicWebService中使用@Autowired进行注入。
而其它框架的WebService。比方Jboss直接通过Servlet方式暴露的WebService就不能这样,仅仅能通过一个SpringContextHolder手动从Spring容器中拿。大致例如以下:
1、首先在web.xml中添加WebService类的servlet。例如以下:
<!-- Web Service声明開始 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>BasicWebService</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.xx.BasisWebService</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>BasicWebService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/BasicWebService</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Web Service声明结束 -->
2、BasicWebService的内容大致例如以下:
@WebService(name = "BasicWebService", serviceName = "BasicWebService", portName = "BasicWebServicePort", targetNamespace = "http://api.sina.com/ws") public class BasicWebService { //这是从Spring容器中拿对象。SpringContextHolder是一个实现了org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware的类 private ISystemConfigService systemConfigService = SpringContextHolder.getBean(ISystemConfigService.class); @WebMethod public String test(@WebParam(name = "inputpara") String inputpara) { return inputpara + "_100"; } }
Redis
Spring能够简化调用Redis的操作。配置大致例如以下:
1、pom.xml添加依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId> <version>1.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
2、resources文件夹下,添加applicationContext-redis.xml,内容例如以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd"> <description>Spring-cache</description> <cache:annotation-driven/> <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager"> <constructor-arg name="template" index="0" ref="redisTemplate"/> </bean> <bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <property name="maxActive" value="${redis.pool.maxActive}"/> <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.pool.maxIdle}"/> <property name="maxWait" value="${redis.pool.maxWait}"/> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.pool.testOnBorrow}"/> </bean> <!-- 工厂实现: --> <bean id="jedisConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory"> <property name="hostName" value="${redis.ip}"/> <property name="port" value="${redis.port}"/> <property name="poolConfig" ref="jedisPoolConfig"/> </bean> <!--模板类: --> <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate" p:connection-factory-ref="jedisConnectionFactory"> <property name="keySerializer" ref="stringRedisSerializer"/> </bean> <bean id="stringRedisSerializer" class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"/> </beans>
3、缓存写入參考实现:
@Service public class BrandBaseServiceImpl implements IBrandBaseService { @Override @Cacheable(value = CacheClientConstant.COMMODITY_BRAND_REDIS_CACHE, key = "'commodity:webservice:all:brand:list'") public List<Brand> getAllBrands() { try { List<Brand> brands = brandMapper.getAllBrands(); return brands; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.error(ex.toString()); return null; } } @Override @Cacheable(value = CacheClientConstant.COMMODITY_BRAND_REDIS_CACHE, key = "'commodity:webservice:brand:no:'+#brandNo") public Brand getBrandByNo(String brandNo) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(brandNo)) return null; return brandMapper.getBrandByNo(brandNo); } }
4、缓存清除參考实现:
@Service public class RedisCacheUtil { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate; @Autowired private JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory; @CacheEvict(value = CacheClientConstant.COMMODITY_CATEGORY_REDIS_CACHE, key = "'commodity:webservice:category:no:'+#categoryNo") public void cleanCatCacheByNo(String categoryNo) { List<String> keys = new ArrayList<String>(); logger.info("[商品服务端]清理分类categoryNo:{}缓存,REDIS SERVER地址:{}", categoryNo, jedisConnectionFactory.getHostName() + ":" + jedisConnectionFactory.getPort()); if (StringUtils.hasText(categoryNo)) { keys.add("commodity:webservice:category:no:" + categoryNo); cleanAgain(keys); } } @CacheEvict(value = CacheClientConstant.COMMODITY_SYSTEMCONFIG_REDIS_CACHE, allEntries = true) public void cleanSystemConfigAll() { logger.info("[商品服务端]清楚SystemConfig缓存"); } /** * 考虑到主从延迟可能会导致缓存更新失效。延迟再清理一次缓存 * @param keys 须要清除缓存的KEY */ private void cleanAgain(List<String> keys) { if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(keys)) { return; } for (String key : keys) { logger.info("清理缓存,KEY:{}", key); redisTemplate.delete(key); } } }
RabbitMQ
Spring也能够简化使用RabbitMQ的操作,配置大致例如以下:
1、pom.xml添加依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-amqp</artifactId> <version>${spring.amqp.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>${spring.amqp.version}</version> </dependency>
2、发送消息代码样例:
@Service public class MessageSendServiceImpl implements IMessageSendService { private static final String EXCHANGE = "amq.topic"; @Autowired private volatile RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Override public Boolean sendMessage(String commodityNo) { Commodity c = getCommodity(commodityNo); // 发送rabbitMQ消息(topic) rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(EXCHANGE, "commodity.update.topic", c); logger.info("发送消息成功(topic):商品编号:" + commodityNo); return true; } }
3、resources文件夹下。添加applicationContext-rabbitmq.xml,用来配置接收消息,内容例如以下:
<?4、接收消息代码样例:xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 定义rabbitmq连接工厂。生产环境使用集群配置。支持failover。rabbitmq.host=192.168.211.230:5672 --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" addresses="${rabbitmq.host}" /> <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" /> <rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" channel-transacted="true" message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" /> <bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.JsonMessageConverter"> <property name="classMapper"> <bean class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.DefaultClassMapper"> </bean> </property> </bean> <!-- 两种业务需求: 1. 同一个服务部署在多台server上,假设想消息被一个服务收取,则要配置name,<rabbit:listener 里的queues=这里的name 2. 同一个服务部署在多台server上,假设想消息被全部的服务收取,刚不要配置name。用rabbitmq自己主动创建的匿名name。这时要去掉这里的name属性, 而且<rabbit:listener里的queues=这里的id 一般来说。都是第一种业务需求较多 --> <rabbit:queue id="queue的id,能够和name一样" name="queue的名字,在rabbitmq控制台能够看到,比如commodity.update.topic.queue"> <rabbit:queue-arguments> <entry key="x-ha-policy" value="all" /> </rabbit:queue-arguments> </rabbit:queue> <!-- CONSUMER --> <!-- 这里的error-handler最好都配置。由于rabbitmq报的异常默认是不被捕获的。假设这里没有error-handler,log级别又没指定到amqp的包,那么错误将不会被察觉 --> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" channel-transacted="true" error-handler="rabbitMqErrorHandler" concurrency="10" auto-startup="true"> <rabbit:listener queues="rabbit:queue中定义的name或者id" ref="commodityUpdateListener" method="handleMessage" /> </rabbit:listener-container> <rabbit:topic-exchange name="amq.topic" > <rabbit:bindings> <!-- 这里的queue是<rabbit:queue 里的ID --> <rabbit:binding pattern="发送方的routingKey。对于上面的发送就是commodity.update.topic" queue="queue的名字,在rabbitmq控制台能够看到。比如commodity.update.topic.queue"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:topic-exchange> </beans>
@Component public class CommodityUpdateListener { public void handleMessage(Commodity commodity) { if(commodity==null) { logger.info("XXX"); return; } //处理逻辑 } }
5、处理消息错误代码样例:
@Component public class RabbitMqErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqErrorHandler.class); @Override public void handleError(Throwable t) { logger.error("Receive rabbitmq message error:{}", t); } }
MyBatis
Spring能够大大简化使用MyBatis这样的ORM框架,定义出接口和Mapper文件之后。Spring能够自己主动帮我们生成实现类。
我以前在DotNet框架下使用过MyBatis.Net,全部的Mapper的实现类都须要手工写代码,而Spring帮我节省了非常多编码工作量。
大致配置过程例如以下:
1、pom.xml添加依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.caches</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId> <version>1.0.1</version> </dependency>
2、resources文件夹下,applicationContext.xml中。一般放置关于mybatis的配置,内容例如以下:
<?3、定义接口,及在src/main/resource相应接口的包路径下定义同名的xml配置文件就可以。xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd"> <description>Spring公共配置</description> <!--开启注解 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 开启自己主动切面代理 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xx"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 定义受环境影响易变的变量 --> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="systemPropertiesModeName" value="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> <property name="ignoreResourceNotFound" value="true" /> <property name="locations"> <list> <!-- 标准配置 --> <value>classpath*:/application.properties</value> <value>classpath*:/config.properties</value> <!-- 本地开发环境配置 --> <value>file:/d:/conf/pcconf/*.properties</value> <!-- server生产环境配置 --> <value>file:/etc/conf/pcconf/*.properties</value> </list> </property> <!--property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" / --> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSourcejdbc"/> </bean> <!-- 强烈建议用JdbcTemplate取代JdbcUtils --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSourcejdbc" /> </bean> <bean id="sqlSessionFactoryWrite" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSourcejdbc" /> </bean> <!-- 会自己主动将basePackage中配置的包路径下的全部带有@Mapper标注的Dao层的接口生成代理,替代原来我们的Dao实现。
--> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactoryWrite" /> <property name="basePackage" value="com/xx/pc/template" /> </bean> <beans profile="production"> <bean id="dataSourcejdbc" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean"> <property name="jndiName" value="java:/MySqlDS_JDBC" /> </bean> </beans> <beans profile="dev"> <bean id="dataSourcejdbc" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/dbname?
characterEncoding=utf-8"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="root"/> </bean> </beans> </beans>
Spring初始化完成后,会自己主动帮我们生成Mapper的实现类。