mysql——视图

视图

含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用

mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，是通过表动态生成的数据

比如：舞蹈班和普通班级的对比

    创建语法的关键字    是否实际占用物理空间  使用

视图  create view     只是保存了sql逻辑  增删改查，只是一般不能增删改

表   create table        保存了数据       增删改查

#案例：查询姓张的学生名和专业名
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`
WHERE s.`stuname` LIKE '张%';

CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`;
SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '张%';

#一、创建视图
/*
语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/
USE myemployees;
#1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;

#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';


#2.查询各部门的平均工资级别
#①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;


#3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
#4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;

SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.`department_id`=d.`department_id`;


#二、视图的修改
#方式一：
/*
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/
SELECT * FROM myv3 
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
#方式二：
/*
语法：
alter view 视图名
as 
查询语句;
*/
ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
#三、删除视图
/*
语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,...;
*/
DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;

#四、查看视图
DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

#五、视图的更新
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) "annual salary"
FROM employees;
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM employees;
#1.插入
INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('张飞','zf@qq.com');
#2.修改
UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = '张无忌' WHERE last_name='张飞';
#3.删除
DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '张无忌';
#具备以下特点的视图不允许更新

#①包含以下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;
#②常量视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';


#③Select中包含子查询
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;

#④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');


#⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;

#⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
    SELECT manager_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';

 

案例讲解

#一、创建视图emp_v1,要求查询电话号码以‘011’开头的员工姓名和工资、邮箱
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v1
AS
SELECT last_name,salary,email
FROM employees
WHERE phone_number LIKE '011%';
#二、创建视图emp_v2，要求查询部门的最高工资高于12000的部门信息
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v2
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) mx_dep,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;

SELECT d.*,m.mx_dep
FROM departments d
JOIN emp_v2 m
ON m.department_id = d.`department_id`;