linux软件安装

软件安装:


 1、bin文件 .bin(可执行文件,适合所有linux发行版)

2、rpm包、yum(redhat系列)

3、源码压缩包(适合所有linux发行版)

4、官方已经编译好的,下载软件包直接使用(绿色软件)

[zyj@localhost ~]$ ll
total 32
-rw-rw-r--. 1 zyj zyj    0 Apr 27 10:24 install.bin
[zyj@localhost ~]$ chmod u+x install.bin 
[zyj@localhost ~]$ ll
total 32
-rwxrw-r--. 1 zyj zyj    0 Apr 27 10:24 install.bin
[zyj@localhost ~]$ ./install.bin   //执行

 安装软件步骤:


1、检查是否已经安装:rpm -qa | grep jdk

查询

rpm -q PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定的包是否已经安装;

rpm -qa:查询已经安装的所有包;

rpm -qi  PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定包的说明信息;

rpm -ql PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定包安装后生成的文件列表;

rpm -qc PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定包安装的配置文件;

rpm -qd PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定包安装的帮助文档;

rpm -q --scripts  PACKAGE_NAME:查询指定包中包含的脚本;

rpm -qf /path/to/somefile:查询指定的文件是由哪个rpm包安装生成的。

如果某个rpm安装包未安装,我们需要查询其说明信息、安装以后会生成的文件;

rpm -qpi /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE

rpm -qpl

[zyj@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | grep man  //完整版上面安装了man的包
man-1.6f-39.el6.x86_64
libsemanage-2.0.43-5.1.el6.x86_64
pixman-0.32.8-1.el6.x86_64
gnome-power-manager-2.28.3-7.el6_4.x86_64
man-pages-overrides-6.9.1-1.el6.noarch
man-pages-3.22-20.el6.noarch

[root@localhost home]# rpm -qa | grep man  //简单版上面没有man命令
libsemanage-2.0.43-5.1.el6.x86_64
[zyj@localhost ~]$ rpm -qi man //查看安装包说明信息
Name        : man                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 1.6f                              Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 39.el6                        Build Date: Tue Mar 21 17:53:55 2017
Install Date: Sat Apr 14 02:41:20 2018         Build Host: c1bm.rdu2.centos.org
Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: man-1.6f-39.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 398735                           License: GPLv2
Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Thu Mar 23 08:02:14 2017, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
URL         : http://primates.ximian.com/~flucifredi/man/
Summary     : A set of documentation tools: man, apropos and whatis
Description :
The man package includes three tools for finding information and/or
documentation about your Linux system: man, apropos, and whatis. The
man system formats and displays on-line manual pages about commands or
functions on your system. Apropos searches the whatis database
(containing short descriptions of system commands) for a string.
Whatis searches its own database for a complete word.

The man package should be installed on your system because it is the
primary way to find documentation on a Linux system.
[zyj@localhost
~]$ rpm -qc man //查看安装包配置文件 /etc/man.config [zyj@localhost ~]$ rpm -ql man | more //查看安装包文件列表 /etc/cron.daily/makewhatis.cron /etc/man.config /usr/bin/apropos /usr/bin/man /usr/bin/man2html /usr/bin/manpath /usr/bin/whatis [zyj@localhost ~]$ whereis man man: /usr/bin/man /etc/man.config /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man7/man.7.gz /usr/share/man/man1/man.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/man.1p.gz

2、下载软件包

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.9/os/x86_64/Packages/

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

下载到本地后,通过CRT的文件传输功能,将windows上的文件传输到linux中;

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/zyj
[root@localhost zyj]# ll
total 8856
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zyj zyj    4096 Apr 14 09:13 Videos-rw-rw-r--. 1 zyj zyj 9034460 Apr 27  2018 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm

 3、安装、依赖

rpm -i /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE

-h:以#显示进度,每个#表示2%

-v:显示详细过程;

-vv(两个v):显示更详细的过程

rmp -ivh /PATH/TO/PACKAGE_FILE

--nodeps:忽略依赖关系;

--replacepkgs:重新安装,替换原有安装;

--force:强行安装,可以实现重装或降级;

[root@localhost zyj]# rpm -ivh mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm  //安装软件包
warning: mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:  //错误:这个软件包(只有核心部分,所以比较小),必须依赖其他软件,否则无法安装和运行,下列的依赖包需要先安装好。
        mysql = 5.1.73-8.el6_8 is needed by mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
        perl(DBI) is needed by mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
        perl-DBD-MySQL is needed by mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
        perl-DBI is needed by mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

 rpm安装过程中不需要指定安装路径,rpm文件在制作的时候已经确定了安装路径;可以通过安装包rpm -ql jdk查看,缺点是当安装包有依赖包时安装比较麻烦。

yum:用来管理rpm软件包,解决rpm下载问题,解决rpm文件的查询,解决rpm安装问题,解决rpm文件的依赖问题,需要一个yum源,yum源一般在外网上。因此yum安装需要能访问外网,这也是yum的局限性。

yum安装的文件还是rpm文件

[root@localhost ~]# yum search mysql-s  //查询软件包
已加载插件:fastestmirror
base                                     | 3.7 kB     00:00     
base/primary_db                          | 4.7 MB     00:48     
extras                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                        |  30 kB     00:00     
updates                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                       | 7.0 MB     00:12     
===================== N/S Matched: mysql-s =====================
mysql-server.x86_64 : The MySQL server and related files

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@localhost ~]# yum info mysql-server  //查看安装包信息
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.sohu.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可安装的软件包
Name        : mysql-server
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 5.1.73
Release     : 8.el6_8
Size        : 8.6 M
Repo        : base
Summary     : The MySQL server and related files
URL         : http://www.mysql.com
License     : GPLv2 with exceptions
Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database
            : server. MySQL is a client/server implementation
            : consisting of a server daemon (mysqld) and many
            : different client programs and libraries. This
            : package contains the MySQL server and some
            : accompanying files and directories.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server  //安装软件包
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.sohu.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 mysql = 5.1.73-8.el6_8,它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-DBI,它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-DBD-MySQL,它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(vars),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(strict),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Sys::Hostname),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(POSIX),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Getopt::Long),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(File::Temp),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(File::Path),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(File::Copy),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(File::Basename),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Data::Dumper),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(DBI),它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 /usr/bin/perl,它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be 安装
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-144.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-libs = 4:5.10.1-144.el6,它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-libs,它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(version),它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Pod::Simple),它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Module::Pluggable),它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libperl.so()(64bit),它被软件包 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64 需要
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 will be 安装
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 will be 安装
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-144.el6 will be 安装
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-144.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04,它被软件包 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-144.el6.x86_64 需要
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-144.el6 will be 安装
---> Package perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-144.el6 will be 安装
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-144.el6 will be 安装
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

================================================================
 软件包                 架构    版本                仓库   大小
================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql-server           x86_64  5.1.73-8.el6_8      base  8.6 M
为依赖而安装:
 mysql                  x86_64  5.1.73-8.el6_8      base  895 k
 perl                   x86_64  4:5.10.1-144.el6    base   10 M
 perl-DBD-MySQL         x86_64  4.013-3.el6         base  134 k
 perl-DBI               x86_64  1.609-4.el6         base  705 k
 perl-Module-Pluggable  x86_64  1:3.90-144.el6      base   41 k
 perl-Pod-Escapes       x86_64  1:1.04-144.el6      base   33 k
 perl-Pod-Simple        x86_64  1:3.13-144.el6      base  213 k
 perl-libs              x86_64  4:5.10.1-144.el6    base  579 k
 perl-version           x86_64  3:0.77-144.el6      base   52 k

事务概要
================================================================
Install      10 Package(s)

总下载量:21 M
Installed size: 65 M
确定吗?[y/N]:y
下载软件包:
(1/10): mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm  | 895 kB     00:00     
(2/10): mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 8.6 MB     00:09     
(3/10): perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                      |  10 MB     00:10     
(4/10): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                               | 134 kB     00:00     
(5/10): perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 705 kB     00:00     
(6/10): perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                       |  41 kB     00:00     
(7/10): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                            |  33 kB     00:00     
(8/10): perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                             | 213 kB     00:00     
(9/10): perl-libs-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 579 kB     00:01     
(10/10): perl-version-0.77-144.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                               |  52 kB     00:00     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                               848 kB/s |  21 MB     00:25     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
 Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
 Package: centos-release-6-9.el6.12.3.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201703281317.x86_64/6.9)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
确定吗?[y/N]:y
运行 rpm_check_debug 
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
  正在安装   : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-144.el6.x86_64                                                                         1/10 
  正在安装   : 4:perl-libs-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64                                                                              2/10 
  正在安装   : 1:perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-144.el6.x86_64                                                                    3/10 
  正在安装   : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-144.el6.x86_64                                                                          4/10 
  正在安装   : 3:perl-version-0.77-144.el6.x86_64                                                                             5/10 
  正在安装   : 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64                                                                                   6/10 
  正在安装   : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                    7/10 
  正在安装   : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64                                                                              8/10 
  正在安装   : mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                                    9/10 
  正在安装   : mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                            10/10 
  Verifying  : 3:perl-version-0.77-144.el6.x86_64                                                                             1/10 
  Verifying  : 4:perl-libs-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64                                                                              2/10 
  Verifying  : 4:perl-5.10.1-144.el6.x86_64                                                                                   3/10 
  Verifying  : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64                                                                              4/10 
  Verifying  : mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                             5/10 
  Verifying  : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                    6/10 
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-144.el6.x86_64                                                                    7/10 
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-144.el6.x86_64                                                                          8/10 
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-144.el6.x86_64                                                                         9/10 
  Verifying  : mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                                   10/10 

已安装:
  mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8                                                                                             

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8            perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-144.el6                   perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6      
  perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6            perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-144.el6    perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-144.el6   
  perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-144.el6    perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-144.el6              perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-144.el6       

完毕!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost zyj]# yum install tree //安装tree或者man                            
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                     Arch                          Version                               Repository                   Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 tree                        x86_64                        1.5.3-3.el6                           base                         36 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 36 k
Installed size: 65 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                 |  36 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64                                                                                         1/1 
  Verifying  : tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64                                                                                         1/1 

Installed:
  tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6                                                                                                        

Complete!
[root@localhost zyj]# tree
.
|-- Desktop
|-- Documents
|-- Downloads
|-- Music
|-- Pictures
|-- Public
|-- Templates
|-- Videos
`-- mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm

8 directories, 1 file

不能上网时,可以自己在局域网中构建yum源。如何自己构造yum源:下载外网的yum源。

1、本地yum源;

2、局域网内部yun源。

查看在哪里寻找yum源:在配置文件中查看。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll  //从下面的配置文件中依次查找yum源。
总用量 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 3月  28 2017 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 3月  28 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 3月  28 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 3月  28 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7989 3月  28 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# more CentOS-Base.repo //文件中均有url地址
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

yumgroup 组相关命令:


groupinfo、grouplist、groupinstall、groupremove、groupupdate

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum grouplist  //将rpm文件分类
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置组进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.sohu.com
已安装的组:
   MySQL 数据库客户端
   MySQL 数据库服务器
   Perl 支持
   iSCSI 存储客户端
   可扩展文件系统
   存储可用性工具
   安全性工具
   电子邮件服务器
   系统管理工具
有效的组:
   CIFS 文件服务器
   Eclipse
   Emacs
   FCoE 存储客户端
   FTP 服务器
   Infiniband 支持
   Java 平台
   KDE 桌面
   NFS 文件服务器
   PHP 支持
   PostgreSQL 数据库客户端
   PostgreSQL 数据库服务器
   Ruby 支持
   SNMP 支持
   TeX 支持
   TurboGear 应用程序框架
   Web 服务器程序引擎
   X 窗口系统
   
......
完成
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinfo MySQL 数据库客户端  //查看组信息
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置组进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.sohu.com

组:MySQL 数据库服务器
描述:MySQL SQL 数据库服务器以及相关软件包。
必要的软件包:
mysql-server
可选的软件包:
mysql-bench
mysql-test
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinstall MySQL 数据库客户端  //安装组内的所有软件包
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置组进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.sohu.com
包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
Warning: Group mysql does not have any packages.
指定组中没有可安装或升级的软件包

 安装httpd服务:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum info httpd //具体的安装包信息
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.sohu.com
可安装的软件包
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.2.15
Release : 60.el6.centos.6
Size : 836 k
Repo : updates
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
: web server.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd  //安装  -y 参数 自动回答yes yum install httpd -y
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.sohu.com
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6,它被软件包 httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 apr-util-ldap,它被软件包 httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types,它被软件包 httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_9.1 will be 安装
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be 安装
---> Package apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be 安装
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 will be 安装
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 will be 安装
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
httpd x86_64 2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 updates 836 k
为依赖而安装:
apr x86_64 1.3.9-5.el6_9.1 updates 124 k
apr-util x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base 87 k
apr-util-ldap x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base 15 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 updates 80 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.31-2.el6 base 27 k

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
Install 6 Package(s)

总下载量:1.1 M
Installed size: 3.7 M
确定吗?[y/N]:y
下载软件包:
(1/6): apr-1.3.9-5.el6_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 124 kB 00:00 
(2/6): httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64.rpm | 836 kB 00:00 
(3/6): httpd-tools-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64.rpm | 80 kB 00:00 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 1.0 MB/s | 1.1 MB 00:01 
运行 rpm_check_debug 
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
正在安装 : apr-1.3.9-5.el6_9.1.x86_64 1/6 
正在安装 : apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 2/6 
正在安装 : httpd-tools-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 3/6 
正在安装 : apr-util-ldap-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 4/6 
正在安装 : mailcap-2.1.31-2.el6.noarch 5/6 
正在安装 : httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 6/6 
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 1/6 
Verifying : apr-util-ldap-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 2/6 
Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 3/6 
Verifying : apr-1.3.9-5.el6_9.1.x86_64 4/6 
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.31-2.el6.noarch 5/6 
Verifying : apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 6/6

已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6

作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_9.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6

完毕!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove httpd  //卸载安装包 remove|erase也是卸载
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置移除进程
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 will be 删除
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

===================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===================================================================================================================================
正在删除:
httpd x86_64 2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6 @updates 3.0 M

事务概要
===================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package(s)

Installed size: 3.0 M
确定吗?[y/N]:y
下载软件包:
运行 rpm_check_debug 
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
正在删除 : httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 1/1 
Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6.x86_64 1/1

删除:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-60.el6.centos.6

完毕!

重新安装后:
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start  //开启httpd服务
正在启动 httpd:httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
[确定]
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name 
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1292/sshd 
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1371/master 
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1641/httpd 
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1292/sshd 
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1371/master 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stop  //关闭服务
停止 httpd: [确定]
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntpl 
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name 
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1292/sshd 
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1371/master 
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1292/sshd 
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1371/master

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop  //关闭防火墙并开启httpd服务后可以通过浏览器访问。
iptables:将链设置为政策 ACCEPT:filter [确定]
iptables:清除防火墙规则: [确定]
iptables:正在卸载模块: [确定]

http://192.168.166.129/   //在浏览器上就可以访问虚拟机,显示官网英文界面

[root@localhost html]# rpm -ql httpd  //查看httpd的安装包文件安装在哪里了
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

...
/var/www/html

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/
[root@localhost www]# ll
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 10月 20 2017 cgi-bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 4月 30 20:12 error
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 10月 20 2017 html
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 4月 30 20:12 icons
[root@localhost www]# cd html
[root@localhost html]# ll
总用量 0
[root@localhost html]# vi hello.html

hello world

:wq

在浏览器中打开http://192.168.166.129/hello.html

hello world

yum repolist:显示repo列表及简要信息

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.sohu.com
仓库标识                                                  仓库名称                                                            状态
base                                                      CentOS-6 - Base                                                     6,706
extras                                                    CentOS-6 - Extras                                                      53
updates                                                   CentOS-6 - Updates                                                  1,185
repolist: 7,944
[root@localhost ~]# 

yum update:升级

yum update_to :升级为指定版本

[root@localhost ~]# yum update 
已加载插件:fastestmirror
设置更新进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.sohu.com
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package acl.x86_64 0:2.2.49-7.el6 will be 升级
---> Package acl.x86_64 0:2.2.49-7.el6_9.1 will be an update
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.46.el6 will be 升级
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.47.el6_9.1 will be an update
---> Package ca-certificates.noarch 0:2016.2.10-65.4.el6 will be 升级
---> Package ca-certificates.noarch 0:2017.2.14-65.0.1.el6_9 will be an update

...

yum provides| whatprovides:查看指定的文件或特性是由哪个安装包生成的。

 

posted @ 2018-04-27 20:56  七彩蜗牛  阅读(271)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报