黏包
黏包现象
1、数据管道的数据没有被完全取出来
接收方不及时接收缓冲区的包，造成多个包接收（客户端发送了一段数据，服务端只收了一小部分，服务端下次再收的时候还是从缓冲区拿上次遗留的数据，产生粘包）
服务端
from socket import * ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) tcp_socket_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) tcp_socket_server.bind(ip_port) tcp_socket_server.listen(5) conn,addr=tcp_socket_server.accept() data1=conn.recv(2) #一次没有收完整 data2=conn.recv(10)#下次收的时候,会先取旧的数据,然后取新的 print('----->',data1.decode('utf-8')) print('----->',data2.decode('utf-8')) conn.close()
客户端
import socket BUFSIZE=1024 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) res=s.connect_ex(ip_port) s.send('hello egg'.encode('utf-8'))
2、TCP协议有一个特性就是当数据量比较小，且时间间隔比较短的多次数据，那么TCP会自动打包成一个数据包发送
服务端
from socket import * ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) tcp_socket_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) tcp_socket_server.bind(ip_port) tcp_socket_server.listen(5) conn,addr=tcp_socket_server.accept() data1=conn.recv(10) data2=conn.recv(10) print('----->',data1.decode('utf-8')) print('----->',data2.decode('utf-8')) conn.close()
客户端
import socket BUFSIZE=1024 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) res=s.connect_ex(ip_port) s.send('hello'.encode('utf-8')) s.send('egg'.encode('utf-8'))
报头
1、作用
能够标识即将到来的数据具体信息
2、特征
报头的长度必须是固定的
struct模块
该模块可以把一个类型，如数字，转成固定长度的bytes
import json,struct #假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt #为避免粘包,必须自定制报头 header={'file_size':1073741824000,'file_name':'/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt','md5':'8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} #1T数据,文件路径和md5值 #为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为bytes head_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding='utf-8') #序列化并转成bytes,用于传输 #为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节 head_len_bytes=struct.pack('i',len(head_bytes)) #这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度 #客户端开始发送 conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先发报头的长度,4个bytes conn.send(head_bytes) #再发报头的字节格式 conn.sendall(文件内容) #然后发真实内容的字节格式 #服务端开始接收 head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式 x=struct.unpack('i',head_len_bytes)[0] #提取报头的长度 head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式 header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取报头 #最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如 real_data_len=s.recv(header['file_size']) s.recv(real_data_len)
1、使用struct解决黏包
借助struct模块，我们知道长度数字可以被转换成一个标准大小的4字节数字。因此可以利用这个特点来预先发送数据长度。
| 发送时 | 接收时 |
| 先发送struct转换好的数据长度4字节 | 先接受4个字节使用struct转换成数字来获取要接收的数据长度 |
| 再发送数据 | 再按照长度接收数据 |
服务端(自定制报头)
import socket,struct,json import subprocess phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加 phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080)) phone.listen(5) while True: conn,addr=phone.accept() while True: cmd=conn.recv(1024) if not cmd:break print('cmd: %s' %cmd) res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err=res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg=err else: back_msg=res.stdout.read() conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(back_msg))) #先发back_msg的长度 conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容 conn.close()
客户端(自定制报头)
import socket,time,struct s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080)) while True: msg=input('>>: ').strip() if len(msg) == 0:continue if msg == 'quit':break s.send(msg.encode('utf-8')) l=s.recv(4) x=struct.unpack('i',l)[0] print(type(x),x) # print(struct.unpack('I',l)) r_s=0 data=b'' while r_s < x: r_d=s.recv(1024) data+=r_d r_s+=len(r_d) # print(data.decode('utf-8')) print(data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码
2、编程进阶
我们还可以把报头做成字典，字典里包含将要发送的真实数据的详细信息，然后json序列化，然后用struck将序列化后的数据长度打包成4个字节（4个自己足够用了）
| 发送时 | 接收时 |
|
先发报头长度 |
先收报头长度，用struct取出来 |
| 再编码报头内容然后发送 | 根据取出的长度收取报头内容，然后解码，反序列化 |
| 最后发真实内容 | 从反序列化的结果中取出待取数据的详细信息，然后去取真实的数据内容 |
服务端
import socket,struct,json import subprocess phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加 phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080)) phone.listen(5) while True: conn,addr=phone.accept() while True: cmd=conn.recv(1024) if not cmd:break print('cmd: %s' %cmd) res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err=res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg=err else: back_msg=res.stdout.read() headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)} head_json=json.dumps(headers) head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8') conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))) #先发报头的长度 conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再发报头 conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容 conn.close()
客户端
from socket import * import struct,json ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) client.connect(ip_port) while True: cmd=input('>>: ') if not cmd:continue client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8')) head=client.recv(4) head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0] head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8')) data_len=head_json['data_size'] recv_size=0 recv_data=b'' while recv_size < data_len: recv_data+=client.recv(1024) recv_size+=len(recv_data) print(recv_data.decode('utf-8')) #print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码
简易例子
import struct import json d = { 'file_name': '很好看.mv', 'file_size': 1231283912839123123424234234234234234324324912, 'file_desc': '拍摄的很有心 真的很好看!!!', 'file_desc2': '拍摄的很有心 真的很好看!!!' } d = json.dumps(d) res = struct.pack('i',len(d)) print(len(res)) res1 = struct.unpack('i',res)[0] print(res1)
上传下载文件
服务端
import socket import struct import json import subprocess import os class MYTCPServer: address_family = socket.AF_INET socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM allow_reuse_address = False max_packet_size = 8192 coding='utf-8' request_queue_size = 5 server_dir='file_upload' def __init__(self, server_address, bind_and_activate=True): """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" self.server_address=server_address self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, self.socket_type) if bind_and_activate: try: self.server_bind() self.server_activate() except: self.server_close() raise def server_bind(self): """Called by constructor to bind the socket. """ if self.allow_reuse_address: self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) self.socket.bind(self.server_address) self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname() def server_activate(self): """Called by constructor to activate the server. """ self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size) def server_close(self): """Called to clean-up the server. """ self.socket.close() def get_request(self): """Get the request and client address from the socket. """ return self.socket.accept() def close_request(self, request): """Called to clean up an individual request.""" request.close() def run(self): while True: self.conn,self.client_addr=self.get_request() print('from client ',self.client_addr) while True: try: head_struct = self.conn.recv(4) if not head_struct:break head_len = struct.unpack('i', head_struct)[0] head_json = self.conn.recv(head_len).decode(self.coding) head_dic = json.loads(head_json) print(head_dic) #head_dic={'cmd':'put','filename':'a.txt','filesize':123123} cmd=head_dic['cmd'] if hasattr(self,cmd): func=getattr(self,cmd) func(head_dic) except Exception: break def put(self,args): file_path=os.path.normpath(os.path.join( self.server_dir, args['filename'] )) filesize=args['filesize'] recv_size=0 print('----->',file_path) with open(file_path,'wb') as f: while recv_size < filesize: recv_data=self.conn.recv(self.max_packet_size) f.write(recv_data) recv_size+=len(recv_data) print('recvsize:%s filesize:%s' %(recv_size,filesize)) tcpserver1=MYTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080)) tcpserver1.run() #下列代码与本题无关 class MYUDPServer: """UDP server class.""" address_family = socket.AF_INET socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM allow_reuse_address = False max_packet_size = 8192 coding='utf-8' def get_request(self): data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size) return (data, self.socket), client_addr def server_activate(self): # No need to call listen() for UDP. pass def shutdown_request(self, request): # No need to shutdown anything. self.close_request(request) def close_request(self, request): # No need to close anything. pass
客户端
import socket import struct import json import os class MYTCPClient: address_family = socket.AF_INET socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM allow_reuse_address = False max_packet_size = 8192 coding='utf-8' request_queue_size = 5 def __init__(self, server_address, connect=True): self.server_address=server_address self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, self.socket_type) if connect: try: self.client_connect() except: self.client_close() raise def client_connect(self): self.socket.connect(self.server_address) def client_close(self): self.socket.close() def run(self): while True: inp=input(">>: ").strip() if not inp:continue l=inp.split() cmd=l[0] if hasattr(self,cmd): func=getattr(self,cmd) func(l) def put(self,args): cmd=args[0] filename=args[1] if not os.path.isfile(filename): print('file:%s is not exists' %filename) return else: filesize=os.path.getsize(filename) head_dic={'cmd':cmd,'filename':os.path.basename(filename),'filesize':filesize} print(head_dic) head_json=json.dumps(head_dic) head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=self.coding) head_struct=struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes)) self.socket.send(head_struct) self.socket.send(head_json_bytes) send_size=0 with open(filename,'rb') as f: for line in f: self.socket.send(line) send_size+=len(line) print(send_size) else: print('upload successful') client=MYTCPClient(('127.0.0.1',8080)) client.run()
