以二进制的方式部署MySQL

　　二进制安装MySQL其实就是把已经编译好的mysql，做了个压缩包，下载下来，解压缩，简单配置之后，就能使用，‘安装’速度快，往往用于mysql的快速部署。

准备工作

　　检查系统中的Mysql或mariadb，如果存在将其卸载

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1 will be erased
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1 will be erased
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                              Arch                    Version                             Repository                  Size
===================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 mariadb-libs                         x86_64                  1:5.5.68-1.el7                      @anaconda                  4.4 M
Removing for dependencies:
 net-snmp                             x86_64                  1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1                  @updates                   850 k
 net-snmp-agent-libs                  x86_64                  1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1                  @updates                   2.1 M
 postfix                              x86_64                  2:2.10.1-9.el7                      @anaconda                   12 M

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)

Installed size: 20 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                              1/4 
  Erasing    : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                   2/4 
  Erasing    : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                   3/4 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                                              4/4 
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/4 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                   2/4 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                                              3/4 
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                              4/4 

Removed:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7                                                                                               

Dependency Removed:
  net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1       net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.1       postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7      

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#

　　下载MySQL 5.7安装包

　　　　前往mysql官网下载二进制安装包，https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads，

　　　　注意：选择操作系统时选Linux-Generic）。我这里下载的是mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64。

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2021-09-14 15:25:05--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
--2021-09-14 15:25:06--  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.44.151.164
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.44.151.164|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 666328842 (635M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’

100%[=========================================================================================>] 666,328,842 26.3MB/s   in 23s    

2021-09-14 15:25:30 (27.6 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’ saved [666328842/666328842]

创建用户

　　之所以需要创建用户，主要的目的是为了统一MySQL的用户。

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql

安装依赖包

　　之所以要安装依赖包，主要的目的是提前安装好所有需要用到的插件包，防止MySQL在安装之后无法使用。

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ numactl libaio glibc cmake autoconf

解压MySQL压缩包

　　我们需要解压刚下载下来的MySQL压缩包，方便其进行安装。

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/
total 272
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    4096 Sep 14 15:42 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      55 Sep 14 15:43 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root    4096 Sep 14 15:42 include
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root     230 Sep 14 15:43 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 259200 Jun  7 20:52 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root      30 Sep 14 15:42 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    566 Jun  7 20:52 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root    4096 Sep 14 15:43 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      90 Sep 14 15:43 support-files

将MySQL目录授权

　　之所以需要授权，主要的目的是为了让MySQL启动的时候不至于应为权限的问题导致启动报错。

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

MySQL数据库初始化

　　在启动之前，我们需要将MySQL初始化一下，生成一些默认的配置和数据库以及数据库密码等。

　　创建保存数据的目录

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /mysql_data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql_data/

[root@localhost local]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log 
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

　　初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mysql_data
2021-09-14T07:59:12.785658Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-09-14T07:59:14.770442Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-09-14T07:59:15.030108Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-09-14T07:59:15.113597Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a79a5fbd-1531-11ec-a40a-000c294d81ef.
2021-09-14T07:59:15.117014Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-09-14T07:59:16.480600Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2021-09-14T07:59:16.480683Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2021-09-14T07:59:16.481652Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-09-14T07:59:17.481417Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: nWHw,xjom9Nr  // 默认的密码

编写配置文件

　　在启动MySQL之前，我们需要编写一个默认的配置文件/etc/my.cnf。

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mysql_data
port=3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8mb4
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

生成启动脚本，并启动MySQL

　　将MySQL的启动脚本复制到对应的目录，为启动做准备。

[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mysql_data

启动，并测试

　　所有的准备工作做完之后，我们就可以启动了，然后登录到数据库，修改默认的密码。一切都做完之后就可以正常运行了。

[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -pnWHw,xjom9Nr
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.35

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

加入Systemd管理

　　为了更方便使用，我们将MySQL服务加入到Systemd之中，方便统一管理。

#1.配置system管理MySQL
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
 
#2.重新加载启动文件列表
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-09-14 16:19:09 CST; 4s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Main PID: 1797 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
           └─1797 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

Sep 14 16:19:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.