Opencv 基础用法

0.读取图片不同通道

#什么参数都不加默认都是3通道
A = cv2.imread("/tmp/p1/alpha/1000034000_3.png")
A = A[:, :, 0]  # 取单通道 alpha图

#如果为4通道带alpha通道
#加参数cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED
fg_image_4 = cv2.imread(fg_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
alpha_ori = fg_image_4[:, :, 3]  # 前景人像，alpha图
fg_image_ori = fg_image_4[:, :, :3]  # 前景人像，三通道

1.读取一张图片 imread

import cv2
img = cv2.imread('/tmp/pix_000099738.jpg')
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
print(img)

2.保存图片 imwrite

import cv2
img = cv2.imread('/tmp/pix_000099738.jpg')

cv2.imwrite("/tmp/test1.jpg", img)

3.添加文字 putText

font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX  # 定义字体

imgzi = cv2.putText(img, '000', (50, 50), font, 1.2, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                  # 图像，文字内容， 坐标 ，字体，大小，颜色，字体厚度

添加中文

import cv2
import numpy
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont


def cv2ImgAddText(img, text, left, top, textColor=(0, 255, 0), textSize=20):
    if (isinstance(img, numpy.ndarray)):  # 判断是否OpenCV图片类型
        img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
    # 字体路径 mac下字体路径
    fontText = ImageFont.truetype(
        "/Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf", textSize, encoding="utf-8")

    draw.text((left, top), text, textColor, font=fontText)
    return cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

img = cv2.imread("/tmp/2.jpg")
img = cv2ImgAddText(img, "生活美好", 140, 60, (255, 255, 0), 130)
cv2.imwrite("/tmp/2-2.jpg", img)

4.获取图像宽高 shape

img = cv2.imread("/tmp/h_4ddb2f3e.jpg")
sp = img.shape
print(sp)
sz1 = sp[0]  # height(rows) of image
sz2 = sp[1]  # width(colums) of image
sz3 = sp[2]  # the pixels value is made up of three primary colors
print('width: %d \nheight: %d \nnumber: %d' % (sz1, sz2, sz3)) #width: 1080 height: 1080 number: 3

5.画矩形 rectangle

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
 
img = np.zeros((320, 320, 3), np.uint8) #生成一个空灰度图像
print img.shape # 输出：(320, 320, 3)

# 矩形左上角和右上角的坐标，绘制一个绿色矩形
ptLeftTop = (60, 60)
ptRightBottom = (260, 260)
point_color = (0, 255, 0) # BGR
thickness = 1 
lineType = 4
cv.rectangle(img, ptLeftTop, ptRightBottom, point_color, thickness, lineType)

    xmin = 100
    xmax = 200
    ymin = 100
    ymax = 300
    cv2.rectangle(img, (xmin, ymin), (xmax, ymax), (0,0,255), 2)
    cv2.rectangle(img, (xmin, ymax), (xmax, ymin), (255,0,0), 2)
    cv2.imshow('src',img)
    cv2.waitKey()

import cv2
img = cv2.imread("/tmp/abc.jpg")
print(img.shape)
cv2.rectangle(img, (240, 0), (480, 375), (0, 255, 0), 10)
cv2.imshow("fff", img)

6.opencv实现均值模糊 均值模糊

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

def blur_demo(src):
    dst = cv.blur(src, (5, 5))
    cv.imshow("blur_demo", dst)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    src = cv.imread("./1.jpg")
    blur_demo(src)
    cv.waitKey()
    cv.destroyAllWindows()

7.获取一张图片的alpha图

import cv2
import numpy as np

def img_chnl_1_to_n(img, channels=3):
    """
    将单通道改为三通道
    :param img:
    :param channels:
    :return:
    """
    if channels == 1:
        return img
    new_img = np.empty((img.shape[0], img.shape[1], channels))
    print(new_img.shape)
    for c in range(channels):
        new_img[...,c] = img
    return new_img

alpha = cv2.imread("/tmp/pinjie/1.png", cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)

alpha_ori = alpha[:,:,3] # alpha图
cv2.imwrite("/tmp/1.png",alpha_ori)

alpha_ori = img_chnl_1_to_n(alpha_ori)
hand_img = alpha[:,:,:3] # 三通道
cv2.imwrite("/tmp/2.png",hand_img)

8.图片缩放

import cv2

# png
im1 = cv2.imread('/tmp/3.png', cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
im2 = cv2.resize(im1, (200,300))
cv2.imwrite('/tmp/lena2.png', im2)
cv2.imshow("original", im2)
cv2.waitKey(0)

#jpg
# 改变图像大小
import cv2
im1 = cv2.imread(cover_path)
im2 = cv2.resize(im1,(1000,550),)  # 为图片重新指定尺寸
cv2.imwrite(cover_path,im2)

#改变图像大小
F = cv2.imread("/tmp/p1/355.jpg")
resize_img2 = cv2.resize(F,(0,0),fx = 0.5,fy = 0.5)#按比例缩放为1/2
cv2.imwrite("/tmp/p1/sf.jpg",resize_img2)

9.图片底部填充空白

"""
图片底部填充空白
"""
import numpy as np
import cv2

#图片宽度为640
F = cv2.imread("/tmp/123.jpg")

print(F.shape)
img = np.zeros((120, 640, 3), np.uint8)
img.fill(000)
#append添加到最后
c = np.append(F, img, axis=0)

cv2.imwrite("/tmp/11111.jpg", c)

效果图

10.opencv 裁剪图片

原始图片

import cv2

img = cv2.imread("/tmp/20180903171331890.jpeg")
print(img.shape)
cropped = img[0:128, 0:200]  # 裁剪坐标为[y0:y1, x0:x1]
cv2.imwrite("/tmp/cv_cut_thor.jpg", cropped)

11.opencv+numpy np.pad向图片上下左右填充内容

import numpy as np
import cv2

a = np.arange(95, 99).reshape(2, 2) # 二通道
# b = np.pad(a, ((1, 0), (0, 0)), 'constant', constant_values=0) # 向上填充0
# b = np.pad(a, ((0, 0), (0, 1)), 'constant', constant_values=0) # 向右填充0
# b = np.pad(a, ((0, 1), (0, 0)), 'constant', constant_values=0) # 向下填充0
# b = np.pad(a, ((0, 0), (1, 0)), 'constant', constant_values=0) # 向左填充0
# print(b)

im = cv2.imread("/tmp/zyj.jpeg")
print(im.shape)
new_img = np.pad(im, ((0, 0), (50, 0), (0, 0)), 'constant', constant_values=0)  # 三通道向右增加50个像素

cv2.imwrite("/tmp/zyj_new.jpg", new_img)