django Form表单
模板中生成一个form_obj对象：
from_obj=RegForm()
后端生成一个form_obj对象：
form_obj=RegForm(request.POST)
帮我们做验证的方法：
form_obj.is_valid()
之后就可以拿到验证后的数据：
from_obj.cleaned_data
Form表单功能介绍：
1 生成页面可用的HTML标签
2 对用户提交的数据进行校验
3 保留上次输入内容
使用form组件：
先定义一个loginForm类
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(min_length=8, label="用户名")
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
def login2(request):
error_msg = ""
form_obj = LoginForm()
if request.method == "POST":
form_obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
if form_obj.is_valid():
username = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("username")
pwd = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
if username == "Q1mi" and pwd == "123456":
return HttpResponse("OK")
else:
error_msg = "用户名或密码错误"
return render(request, "login2.html", {"form_obj": form_obj, "error_msg": error_msg})
常用字段与插件，
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三" # 设置默认值
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
错误信息：
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三",
error_messages={
"required": "不能为空",
"invalid": "格式错误",
"min_length": "用户名最短8位"
}
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
密码：
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
pwd = forms.CharField(
min_length=6,
label="密码",
widget=forms.widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'c1'}, render_value=True)
)
圆形选择框：
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三",
error_messages={
"required": "不能为空",
"invalid": "格式错误",
"min_length": "用户名最短8位"
}
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
gender = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女"), (3, "保密")),
label="性别",
initial=3,
widget=forms.widgets.RadioSelect
)
单选select
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"), ),
label="爱好",
initial=3,
widget=forms.widgets.Select
)
多选select
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"), ),
label="爱好",
initial=[1, 3],
widget=forms.widgets.SelectMultiple
)
单选盒子：
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
keep = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
label="是否记住密码",
initial="checked",
widget=forms.widgets.CheckboxInput
)
多选checkbox
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"),),
label="爱好",
initial=[1, 3],
widget=forms.widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
)
关于choice的注意事项：
在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的
有2种方法：
方法一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().values_list('id','caption')
方式二：
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import models as form_model
class FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
校验一：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
)
校验二：
import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
# 使用自定义验证规则
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))
