Centos 7 中yum安装Mysql和修改mysql配置
一. mysql安装
1.安装MySQL官方的Yum Repository
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm --2018-10-09 18:31:29-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following] --2018-10-09 18:31:30-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following] --2018-10-09 18:31:31-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.36.193.224 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.36.193.224|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 25548 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ 100%[======================================================================================================================================================================================>] 25,548 --.-K/s in 0.1s 2018-10-09 18:31:32 (204 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ saved [25548/25548] -c: No such file or directory No URLs found in -c. FINISHED --2018-10-09 18:31:32-- Total wall clock time: 3.3s Downloaded: 1 files, 25K in 0.1s (204 KB/s)
2.下载所需要的rpm包
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 30 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total size: 30 k Installed size: 30 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 Complete! [root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]#
3.安装MySQL所需要的服务，这一步执行的时间比较长
如果中间需要输入y/n,则输入y继续执行
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]# yum -y install mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 45 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 26 kB 00:00:00 (3/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 152 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: 100.125.0.40 * extras: 100.125.0.40 * updates: 100.125.0.40 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.23-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.23-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.2 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.23-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.23-1.el7 mysql57-community 165 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.23-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.23-1.el7 mysql57-community 274 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Install 3 Packages (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 194 M Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY ] 0.0 B/s | 70 kB --:--:-- ETA Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 274 kB 00:00:01 (2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:00:00 (3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:00 (4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:04 (5/5): mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165 MB 00:00:20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 8.4 MB/s | 194 MB 00:00:22 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 1/6 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 2/6 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 3/6 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 4/6 Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 5/6 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 1/6 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 2/6 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 3/6 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 4/6 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 5/6 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6 Installed: mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.23-1.el7 Replaced: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Complete! [root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]#
4.启动mysql服务
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]# service mysqld start //启动命令 [root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]# service mysqld status //查看服务状态 ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-10-09 19:05:20 CST; 2min 42s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 5868 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 5763 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 5871 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─5871 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid Oct 09 19:04:54 ecs-7bec-0002 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Oct 09 19:05:20 ecs-7bec-0002 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@ecs-7bec-0002 mysql]#
二. mysql基本配置
1.查看mysql中root用户的原始密码，每次安装mysl，系统就会生成一个随机密码。注意冒号后面的才是密码（红色部分）
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2018-10-09T11:05:15.914001Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )o=cCvgXJ0%1
2.登入root用户，并在回车后输入密码
[root@ecs-7bec-0002 ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password:
3.我们需要修改下root的密码，但是mysql对密码有要求，我们需要修改两个全局参数：
validate_password_policy：
-
- 1：符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。
- 0：判断密码的标准就基于密码的长度了。
validate_password_length：代表密码长度，最小值为4
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_length=4; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '设置的密码'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
三. mysql远程配置
1.数据库安装完毕，密码重置成功，下面是在本地远程连接在服务器中的mysql
此命名的意思是：
- 使某个ip的账户已用户名：user，密码：pwd连接服务器中的mysql。
- 执行此命令会自动创建不存在的账户和其密码
user：可以直接使用root账户，也可以创建一个账户；
ip：可以是一个具体的ip，也可以用“%”代替，%代表的是所有的IP地址
pwd：新创建一个密码，不建议直接使用root的密码
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user'@'ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
使用此命令刷新权限，使上一步的配置生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES
如果此时远程登录还是不成功，请检查服务器3306是否对外开放，检查防火墙是对外开放的端口是否有3306
防火墙端口检查和端口规则帮助：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaosongbin/p/9765599.html
四. 其他
1.mysql常用文件路径：
/etc/my.cnf 这是mysql的主配置文件
/var/lib/mysql mysql数据库的数据库文件存放位置
/var/log mysql 数据库的日志输出存放位置
2.mysql基本命令：
service mysqld start 启动mysql服务
service mysqld status 查看mysql服务状态
service mysqld stop 关闭mysql服务
service mysqld restart 重启mysql服务
参考：
