hadoop2.5.2学习及实践笔记（五）—— HDFS shell命令行常见操作
附：HDFS shell guide文档地址
http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.5.2/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/FileSystemShell.html
启动HDFS后，输入hadoop fs命令，即可显示HDFS常用命令的用法
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs Usage: hadoop fs [generic options] [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...] [-checksum <src> ...] [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...] [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...] [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...] [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>] [-count [-q] <path> ...] [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>] [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]] [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>] [-df [-h] [<path> ...]] [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...] [-expunge] [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>] [-getfacl [-R] <path>] [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>] [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>] [-help [cmd ...]] [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]] [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...] [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>] [-mv <src> ... <dst>] [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>] [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...] [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...] [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]] [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>] [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...] [-stat [format] <path> ...] [-tail [-f] <file>] [-test -[defsz] <path>] [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...] [-touchz <path> ...] [-usage [cmd ...]] Generic options supported are -conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file -D <property=value> use value for given property -fs <local|namenode:port> specify a namenode -jt <local|jobtracker:port> specify a job tracker -files <comma separated list of files> specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster -libjars <comma separated list of jars> specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath. -archives <comma separated list of archives> specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines. The general command line syntax is bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
>帮助相关命令
- usage
查看命令的用法，例查看ls的用法
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -usage ls Usage: hadoop fs [generic options] -ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]
- help
查看命令的详细帮助，例查看ls命令的帮助：
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -help ls -ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...] : List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is not specified, the contents of /user/<currentUser> will be listed. Directory entries are of the form: permissions - userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes) modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryName and file entries are of the form: permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes) modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName -d Directories are listed as plain files. -h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number of bytes. -R Recursively list the contents of directories.
>查看相关命令
- ls
查看文件或目录，下例中：hdfs://localhost:9000是fs.defaultFS配置的值，hdfs://localhost:9000/即表示HDFS文件系统中根目录，如果使用的是HDFS文件系统， 可以简写为/。
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://localhost:9000/ Found 3 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 hdfs://localhost:9000/input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-31 07:17 hdfs://localhost:9000/input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 hdfs://localhost:9000/output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 3 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-31 07:17 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output
选项-R：连同子目录的文件一起列出，例：
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt --子目录下的文件也被列出 -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-31 07:17 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output
- cat
显示文件内容
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -cat /input1.txt hello hadoop! hello hadoop!
- text
将给定的文件以文本的格式输出，允许的格式zip、TextRecordInputStream、Avro。当文件为文本文件时，等同于cat。例：
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt hello hadoop!
- tail
显示文件最后1KB的内容
选项-f：当文件内容增加时显示追加的内容
- checksum
显示文件的校验和信息。因为需要和存储文件每个块的datanode互相通信，因此对大量的文件使用此命令效率可能会低
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -checksum /input.zip /input.zip MD5-of-0MD5-of-0CRC32 00000000000000000000000070bc8f4b72a86921468bf8e8441dce51
>文件及目录相关命令
- touchz
创建一个空文件，如果存在指定名称的非空文件，则返回错误
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 3 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -touchz /input1.zip touchz: `/input1.zip': Not a zero-length file --非空时给出错误提示 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -touchz /input.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 4 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip --创建成功 -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output
- appendToFile
向现有文件中追加内容，例：
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt hello hadoop! [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile ~/Desktop/input1.txt /input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt
hello hadoop! hello hadoop! --查看追加后的文件内容
- put
从本地文件系统上传文件到HDFS
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -put ~/Desktop/input1.txt / [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt --查看上传后的文件内容 hello hadoop!
选项-f：如果文件已经存在，覆盖已有文件
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -put ~/Desktop/input1.txt / put: `/input1.txt': File exists --文件已存在时给出错误提示 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -put -f ~/Desktop/input1.txt / [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ --使用-f选项后没有再报错
选项-p：保留原文件的访问、修改时间，用户和组，权限属性
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ ll ~/input1.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoops 28 Mar 31 08:59 /home/hadoop/input1.txt --本地文件属性 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ chmod 777 ~/input1.txt --修改权限为rwxrwxrwx [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -put ~/input1.txt / [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-04-02 05:19 /input1.txt --不使用-p选项，上传后文件属性 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -put -f -p ~/input1.txt / [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /input1.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt --使用-p选项，上传后文件属性
- get
从HDFS上下载文件到本地，与put不同，没有覆盖本地已有文件的选项
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -get /input1.txt ~ [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ cat ~/input1.txt --查看本地下载的文件 hello hadoop! hellp hadoop!
- getmerge
将指定的HDFS中原目录下的文件合并成一个文件并下载到本地，源文件保留
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input/input1.txt hello hadoop! --input1.txt内容 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input/input2.txt welcome to the world of hadoop! --input2.txt内容 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getmerge /input/ ~/merge.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ cat ~/merge.txt hello hadoop! --合并后本地文件的内容 welcome to the world of hadoop!
选项-nl：在每个文件的最后增加一个新行
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getmerge -nl /input/ ~/merge.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ cat ~/merge.txt hello hadoop! --input1.txt增加的新行 welcome to the world of hadoop! --input2.txt增加的新行 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$
- copyFromLocal
从本地文件系统上传文件到HDFS，与put命令相同
- copyToLocal
从HDFS下载文件到本地文件系统，与get命令相同
- moveFromLocal
与put命令相同，只是上传成功后本地文件会被删除
- moveToLocal
该命令还未实现
- mv
同linux的mv命令，移动或重命名文件
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 5 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input.zip -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:10 /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /input.zip /input1.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 5 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip --重命名 drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:10 /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /input1.zip /text/ [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:12 /text -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /text/input1.zip --移动文件
- cp
复制文件
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:29 /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /input1.txt /input.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-04-02 07:31 /input.txt --新复制文件 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:29 /text
选项-f：如果文件已存在，覆盖已有文件
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /input1.txt /input.txt cp: `/input.txt': File exists --文件已存在时给出错误提示 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -cp -f /input1.txt /input.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$
- mkdir
创建文件夹
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls / Found 5 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 210 2015-03-31 07:49 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-31 08:23 /text
选项-p：如果上层目录不存在，递归建立所需目录
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /text1/text2 mkdir: `/text1/text2': No such file or directory --上层目录不存在，给出错误提示 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /text1/text2 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 210 2015-03-31 07:49 /input1.txt drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-31 08:23 /text drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-31 08:26 /text1 drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-31 08:26 /text1/text2 --使用-p选项，创建成功
- rm
删除文件
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /input.zip 15/03/31 08:02:32 INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval = 0 minutes, Emptier interval = 0 minutes. Deleted /input.zip
选项-r：递归的删除，可以删除非空目录
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /text rm: `/text': Is a directory --删除文件夹时，给出错误提示 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /text --使用-r选项，文件夹及文件夹下文件删除成功 15/04/02 08:28:42 INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval = 0 minutes, Emptier interval = 0 minutes. Deleted /text
- rmdir
删除空目录
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rmdir /output rmdir: `/output': Directory is not empty --不能删除非空目录
选项--ignore-fail-on-non-empty：忽略非空删除失败时的提示
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --不给出错误提示，但文件未删除 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
- setrep
改变一个文件的副本数
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip 1 --原副本数 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep 2 /input.zip Replication 2 set: /input.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip 2 --改变后副本数
选项-w：命令等待副本数调整完成
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep -w 1 /input.zip Replication 1 set: /input.zip Waiting for /input.zip ... done [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip 1
- expunge
清空回收站
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -expunge 15/04/03 01:52:46 INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval = 0 minutes, Emptier interval = 0 minutes.
- chgrp
修改文件用户组
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --文件原用户组 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chgrp test /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop test 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --修改后的用户组（未建立test组，仍可成功） -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt --目录下文件的用户组未修改
选项-R：递归修，如果是目录，则递归的修改其下的文件及目录
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chgrp -R testgrp /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop testgrp 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --目录及其下文件都被更改 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
- chmod
修改文件权限，权限模式同linux shell命令中的模式
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --文件原权限 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod 754 /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-- - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --修改后的权限 -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt --目录下文件的权限未修改 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod -R 775 /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxrwxr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --目录及其下文件都被更改 -rwxrwxr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
- chown
修改文件的用户或组
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxrwxr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --文件原用户和组 -rwxrwxr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chown test /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxrwxr-x - test supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --修改后的用户（未建立test用户，仍可成功） -rwxrwxr-x 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt --目录下文件的用户未修改
选项-R：递归修改，如果是目录，则递归的修改其下的文件及目录
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -chown -R testown:testgrp /output [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxrwxr-x - testown testgrp 0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output --目录及其下文件都被更改 -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
- getfacl
显示访问控制列表ACLs(Access Control Lists)
[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /input.zip # file: /input.zip # owner: hadoop # group: supergroup user::rw- group::r-- other::r--
选项-R：递归显示
[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -getfacl -R /input # file: /input # owner: hadoop # group: supergroup user::rwx group::r-x other::r-x # file: /input/input1.txt # owner: hadoop # group: supergroup user::rw- group::r-- other::r-- # file: /input/input2.txt # owner: hadoop # group: supergroup user::rw- group::r-- other::r--
- setfacl
设置访问控制列表，acls默认未开启，直接使用该命令会报错
[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -b /output/input1.txt setfacl: The ACL operation has been rejected. Support for ACLs has been disabled by setting dfs.namenode.acls.enabled to false.
开启acls，配置hdfs-site.xml
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml <property> <name>dfs.namenode.acls.enabled</name> <value>true</value> </property>
选项-m：修改acls
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt # file: /output/input1.txt # owner: testown # group: testgrp user::rwx group::rwx other::r-x [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -m user::rw-,user:hadoop:rw-,group::r--,other::r-- /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt # file: /output/input1.txt # owner: testown # group: testgrp user::rw- user:hadoop:rw- group::r-- mask::rw- other::r--
选项-x：删除指定规则
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -m user::rw-,user:hadoop:rw-,group::r--,other::r-- /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt # file: /output/input1.txt # owner: testown # group: testgrp user::rw- user:hadoop:rw- group::r-- mask::rw- other::r-- [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -x user:hadoop /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt # file: /output/input1.txt # owner: testown # group: testgrp user::rw- group::r-- mask::r-- other::r--
以下选项未做实验
选项-b：基本的acl规则(所有者，群组，其他）被保留，其他规则全部删除.
选项-k：删除缺省规则
- setfattr
设置扩展属性的名称和值
选项-n：属性名称 选项-v：属性值
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip # file: /input.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setfattr -n user.web -v www.baidu.com /input.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip # file: /input.zip user.web="www.baidu.com"
选项-x：删除扩展属性
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip # file: /input.zip user.web="www.baidu.com" [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -setfattr -x user.web /input.zip [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip # file: /input.zip
- getfattr
显示扩展属性的名称和值
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip # file: /input.zip user.web="www.baidu.com" user.web2="www.google.com"
选项-n：显示指定名称的属性值
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -n user.web /input.zip# file: /input.zip user.web="www.baidu.com"
>统计相关命令
- count
显示指定文件或目录的：DIR_COUNT、FILE_COUNT、CONTENT_SIZE、 FILE_NAME，分别表示：子目录个数(如果指定路径是目录，则包含该目录本身)、文件个数、使用字节个数，以及文件或目录名。
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-04-02 07:32 /input.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:29 /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -count / 4 5 286 /
选项-q：显示配额信息（在多人共用的情况下，可以通过限制用户写入目录，并设置目录的quota ，防止不小心就把所有的空间用完造成别人无法存取的情况）。配额信息包括：QUOTA、REMAINING_QUOTA、SPACE_QUOTA、REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA，分别表示某个目录下档案及目录的总数、剩余目录或文档数量、目录下空间的大小、目录下剩余空间。
计算公式：
QUOTA – (DIR_COUNT + FILE_COUNT) = REMAINING_QUOTA；
SPACE_QUOTA – CONTENT_SIZE = REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA。
none和inf表示未配置。
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -count -q / 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775798 none inf 4 5 286 /
- du
显示文件大小，如果指定目录，会显示该目录中每个文件的大小
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R / drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:19 /input -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 28 2015-04-02 07:32 /input.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoops 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop supergroup 184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-03-27 19:16 /output drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-02 07:29 /text [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -du / 46 /input 28 /input.txt 28 /input1.txt 184 /input1.zip 0 /output 0 /text
选项-s：显示总的统计信息，而不是显示每个文件的信息
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -du -s / 286 /
- df
检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -df / Filesystem Size Used Available Use% hdfs://localhost:9000 18713219072 73728 8864460800 0%
- stat
显示文件统计信息。
格式： %b - 文件所占的块数； %g - 文件所属的用户组 ；%n - 文件名； %o - 文件块大小；%r - 备份数 ；%u - 文件所属用户；%y - 文件修改时间
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -stat %b,%g,%n,%o,%r,%u,%y /input.zip 0,supergroup,input.zip,134217728,1,hadoop,2015-04-02 15:43:24
>快照命令
- createSnapshot
创建快照，
附：官方文档 http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.5.2/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HdfsSnapshots.html
snapshot(快照)是一个全部文件系统、或者某个目录在某一时刻的镜像。创建动作仅仅是在目录对应的Inode上加个快照的标签，不会涉及到数据块的拷贝操作，也不会对读写性能有影响，但是会占用namenode一定的额外内存来存放快照中被修改的文件和目录的元信息
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /output -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -createSnapshot /output s1 createSnapshot: Directory is not a snapshottable directory: /output --直接创建给出错误 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hdfs dfsadmin -allowSnapshot /output --对开启某一目录的快照功能 Allowing snaphot on /output succeeded [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -createSnapshot /output s1 --创建快照 Created snapshot /output/.snapshot/s1 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /output -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s1 Found 1 items -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s1/input1.txt --查看快照
- renameSnapshot
重命名快照
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s1Found 1 items -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s1/input1.txt --原快照 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -renameSnapshot /output/ s1 s2[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2 Found 1 items -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s2/input1.txt --新快照
- deleteSnapshot
删除快照
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2 Found 1 items -rwxrwxr-x 1 testown testgrp 28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s2/input1.txt [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -deleteSnapshot /output/ s2 [hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2 ls: `/output/.snapshot/s2': No such file or directory
