17 keepalive与脚本优化

keepalived 高可用

1.什么是高可用

一般是指2台机器启动着完全相同的业务系统,当有一台机器down机了,另外一台服务器就能快速的接管,对于访问的用户是无感知的。

2.高可用可以用什么

#硬件通常使用  F5
#软件通常使用  keepalived

3.keepalived是如何实现高可用的

keepalived软件是基于VRRP协议实现的,VRRP是虚拟路由冗余协议,主要用于解决单点故障问题
如何才能做到出现故障自动转移,此时VRRP就出现了,我们的VRRP其实是通过软件或者硬件的形式在Master和Backup外面增加一个虚拟的MAC地址(VMAC)与虚拟IP地址(VIP),那么在这种情况下,PC请求VIP的时候,无论是Master处理还是Backup处理,PC仅会在ARP缓存表中记录VMAC与VIP的信息。

4.高可用keepalived核心概念

1、如何确定谁是主节点谁是备节点(选举投票,优先级)
2、如果Master故障,Backup自动接管,那么Master恢复后会夺权吗(抢占试、非抢占式)
3、如果两台服务器都认为自己是Master会出现什么问题(脑裂)

keepalived 高可用安装配置

1.环境准备

主机 IP 身份
lb01 192.168.15.4 master
lb02 192.168.15.5 backup
192.168.15.3 VIP

2.保证lb01和lb02配置完全一致

[root@lb01 conf.d]# scp -r /etc/nginx/ssl_key 172.16.1.5:/etc/nginx/
[root@lb01 conf.d]# scp ./* 172.16.1.5:/etc/nginx/conf.d/

3.安装keepalived

[root@lb01 ~]# yum install -y keepalived
[root@lb02 ~]# yum install -y keepalived

4.抢占式

#查看配置文件
[root@lb01 ~]# rpm -qc keepalived
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived

#配置主节点配置文件
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
global_defs {					#全局配置
   router_id lb01				#身份验证
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER				#状态,只有MASTER和BACKUP,MASTER是主,BACKUP是备
    interface eth0				#网卡绑定,心跳检测
    virtual_router_id 51		#虚拟路由标识,组id,把master和backup判断为一组
    priority 100				#优先级(真正判断是主是从的条件)(值越大优先级越高)
    advert_int 3				#检测状态间隔时间(单位是秒)
    authentication {			#认证
        auth_type PASS			#认证方式
        auth_pass 1111			#认证密码指定
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.3				#虚拟的VIP地址
    }
}
global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 3
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.3
    }
}

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 3
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.3
    }
}

启动服务并查看

#先启动备节点
[root@lb02 ssl_key]# systemctl start keepalived.service 

#查看ip
[root@lb02 ssl_key]# ip addr
inet 192.168.15.3/32 scope global eth0

#启动主节点
[root@lb01 ssl_key]# systemctl start keepalived.service

#查看lb01的ip
[root@lb01 ssl_key]# ip addr
inet 192.168.15.3/32 scope global eth0
#查看lb02的ip已经没有了192.168.15.3/32

keepalived绑定日志

#配置keepalived
[root@lb01 ssl_key]# vim /etc/sysconfig/keepalived 
KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"

#配置rsyslog来抓取日志
[root@lb01 ssl_key]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf 
local0.*             /var/log/keepalived/log

#重启服务
[root@lb01 ssl_key]# systemctl restart keepalived.service rsyslog.service 

5.非抢占式

我们一般配置的都是非抢占式的,因为宕机这种行为一次就够了QAQ

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    nopreempt
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 3
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.3
    }
}

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    nopreempt
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 3
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.15.3
    }
}

高可用keepalived的脑裂

由于某些原因,导致两台keepalived高可用服务器在指定时间内,无法检测到对方是否存活,各自去调用资源,分配工作,而此时两台服务器都还活着并且在工作。

1.脑裂的故障

1.服务器网线松动,网络故障
2.服务器硬件发生损坏,硬件故障
3.主备服务器之间开启了防火墙

2.开启防火墙

[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@lb02 ~]# systemctl start firewalld

#访问浏览器因为开启防火墙,所以访问不了站点,需要配置开启http服务
[root@lb02 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
[root@lb02 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=https

3.解决脑裂的办法

#干掉一台服务
[root@lb02 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived

#判断是否有脑裂现象
#先做信任,免密登录
[root@lb01 script]# ssh-keygen 
#如果你这里做了跳板机,手动添加公钥

[root@lb01 ~]# vim check_naolie.sh

纯净版脚本

#!/bin/bash
VIP="192.168.15.3"
MASTERIP="172.16.1.5"
BACKUPIP="172.16.1.6"

while true; do
    PROBE='ip a | grep "${VIP}"'
    
    ssh ${MASTERIP} "${PROBE}" > /dev/null
    MASTER_STATU=$?
    
    ssh ${BACKUPIP} "${PROBE}" > /dev/null
    BACKUP_STATU=$?
    
    if [[ $MASTER_STATU -eq 0 && $BACKUP_STATU -eq 0 ]];then
      ssh ${BACKUPIP} "systemctl stop keepalived.service"
    fi
    sleep 2
done

Nginx故障切换脚本

1.域名解析到VIP

1.nginx默认监听所有IP

2.nginx故障切换脚本(两台机都部署)

#!/bin/bash
nginxnum=`ps -ef | grep [n]ginx | wc -l`
if [ $nginxnum -eq 0 ];then 
  systemctl start nginx
  sleep 3
  nginxnum=`ps -ef | grep [n]ginx | wc -l`
  
  if [ $nginxnum -eq 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived.service
  fi 
fi

3.调用脚本

[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

#每5秒执行一次脚本,脚本执行完成时间不能超过5秒,否则会重新执行脚本,死循环
vrrp_script check_web {
    script "/script/check_web.sh"
    interval 5
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.3
    }
    #调用计划脚本
	track_script {
    	check_web
	}
}

#给脚本添加执行权限
[root@lb01 ~]# chmod +x check_web.sh
posted @ 2021-05-10 20:47  BaiM0  阅读(269)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报