15 rewrite

rewrite

rewrite使用场景

1、地址跳转,用户访问www.drz.com这个URL是,将其定向至一个新的域名mobile.drz.com
2、协议跳转,用户通过http协议请求网站时,将其重新跳转至https协议方式
3、伪静态,将动态页面显示为静态页面方式的一种技术,便于搜索引擎的录入,同时建上动态URL地址对外暴露过多的参数,提升更高的安全性。
4、搜索引擎,SEO优化依赖于url路径,好记的url便于支持搜索引擎录入

rewrite语法

Syntax:	rewrite regex replacement [flag];
Default:	—
Context:	server, location, if

server {
	rewrite 规则 路径或者内容 flag类型;
	rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com$1
}

rewrite #模块命令
regex #请求的链接(支持正则表达式)
replacement #跳转的链接
[flag]	#标签

1.规则:字符串,也可以使用正则匹配url;
2.路径或者内容:表示匹配到规则后要跳转的路径或内容,如果前面规则里面有正则,则可以使用$1等获取值
3.flag类型:last break redirect permanent

rewrite的flag类型

flag类型 作用
last 匹配完本条规则,停止匹配,重新请求server
break 匹配完本条规则,停止匹配,不再匹配后面的内容
redirect 302跳转,临时重定向
permanent 301跳转,永久重定向

last和 break的区别

[root@web01 conf.d]# vim rewrite.con
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name rw.linux.com;
        root /code/rewrite;

        location ~ ^/break {
                rewrite ^/break /test/ break;
        }
        location ~ ^/last {
                rewrite ^/last /test/ last;
        }
        location /test/ {
                default_type application/json;
                return 200 "ok";
        }
}
break 只要匹配到规则,就回去本地路径目录中寻找请求的文件;
last  匹配到规则,跳转后没有内容,则带着跳转后的请求,重新的向server发起一次请求

break和last都可以继续执行后面的rewrite;
在location里面,如果配置break,则直接生效,停止后面匹配的location

break请求:
	1.请求rw.linux.com/break;
	2.首先,会去查找本地的/code/rewrite/test/index.html;
	3.如果找到了,则返回/code/rewrite/test/index.html内容;
	4.如果没有找到则返回404,找到目录却没有主页,则返回403;
	
last请求:
	1.请求rw.linux.com/last;
	2.首先,会去查找本地的/code/rewrite/test/index.html;
	3.如果找到了,则返回/code/rewrite/test/index.html内容;
	4.如果没找到,会带着新跳转的URI再向server发起一次请求,请求rw.linux.com/test;
	5.如果匹配到新的location,则返回该location匹配的内容;
	6.如果没有匹配到新的,则再返回404或403;

redirect和permanent的区别

[root@web01 conf.d]# cat rewrite.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name rw.linux.com;
        root /code/rewrite;

        location /test {
                rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com redirect;
                #rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com permanent;
        }
}

redirect: 每次请求都会询问服务器,如果当服务器不可用时,则会跳转失败。
permanent: 第一次请求会询问,浏览器会记录跳转的地址,第二次则不再询问服务器,直接通过浏览器缓存的地址跳转。

rewrite规则匹配实例

用户访问/abc/1.html实际上真实访问的是/ccc/bbb/2.html

[root@web01 conf.d]# vim rw.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;

    location ~ /abc {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ /ccc/bbb/2.html redirect;
        #rewrite /abc/1.html /ccc/bbb/2.html redirect;
    }
}

#/abc/1.html   /ccc/bbb/1.html
    location ~ /abc {
        rewrite /abc/(.*)\.html /ccc/bbb/$1.html redirect;
    }

用户访问/2018/ccc/2.html实际上真实访问的是 /2014/ccc/bbb/2.html

[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/2014/ccc/bbb/ -p
[root@web01 conf.d]# echo "2014-ccc-bbb-222" > /code/2014/ccc/bbb/2.html
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;

    location ~ /2018 {
        rewrite /2018/ccc/2.html /2014/ccc/bbb/2.html redirect;
    }
}

#/2018/ccc/bbb/2.html  跳转 /2014/ccc/bbb/2.html
    location ~ /2018 {
        rewrite /2018/(.*) /2014/$1 redirect;
    }

用户访问/test实际上真实访问的是www.baidu.com

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;

    location ~ /test {
        rewrite (.*) https://www.baidu.com redirect;
    }
}

用户访问 couese-11-22-33.html 实际上真实访问的是 /course/11/22/33/course_33.html

[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/course/11/22/33/ -p
[root@web01 conf.d]# echo "course-111-222-333" > /code/course/11/22/33/course_33.html
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim rw.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;

    location / {
        #rewrite  ^/course-11-22-33.html  /course/11/22/33/course_33.html redirect;
        rewrite ^/(.*)-(.*)-(.*)-(.*).html /$1/$2/$3/$4/$1_$4.html redirect;
    }
}

将http请求跳转到https

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name www.mumusir.com;
	#rewrite (.*) https://www.mumusir.com redirect;
	return 302 https://www.mumusir.com;
}

http://www.mumusir.com  --> https://www.mumusir.com

server {
	listen 443;
	server_name www.mumusir.com;
	ssl...... *.key;
	ssl..... *.crt;
}

ewrite伪静态实例

搭建discuz论坛

#创建站点目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /code/discuz
[root@web01 code]# rz Discuz_X3.3_SC_GBK.zip
[root@web01 code]# unzip Discuz_X3.3_SC_GBK.zip -d /code/discuz/

#授权站点目录
[root@web01 code]# chown -R www.www /code/discuz/

#配置discuz论坛的配置文件
[root@web01 conf.d]# cp blog.conf discuz.linux.com.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name discuz.linux.com;

    location / {
        root /code/discuz/upload;
        index index.php;
    }

    location ~* \.php$ {
        root /code/discuz/upload;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

#配置hosts访问

#创建数据库
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
。。。。。。

MariaDB [(none)]> create database discuz charset utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on discuz.* to discuz@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

配置hosts,访问论坛,发表帖子

#查看帖子地址http://discuz.linux.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1&extra=

配置rewrite伪静态

[root@web01 conf.d]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/discuz.linux.com.conf 

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name discuz.linux.com;

    location / {
        root /code/discuz/upload;
        index index.php;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/blog-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&uid=$2&do=blog&id=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/archiver/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;
        rewrite ^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+[a-z0-9_]*)-([a-z0-9_\-]+)\.html$ $1/plugin.php?id=$2:$3 last;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            return 404;
        }
    }

    location ~* \.php$ {
        root /code/discuz/upload;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
http://discuz.linux.com/thread-1-1-1.html

rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;

discuz.linux.com/thread-1-1-1.html
discuz.linux.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1&extra=page%3D1&page=1

ewrite规则补充

rewrite匹配的优先级

1.先执行server模块的rewrite指令
2.其次执行location匹配规则
3.最后执行location里面的rewrite

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
	#rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.jingdong.com;

    location /test {
    	rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.mumusir.com;
    }
    
    location =/ {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com;
    }
}

rewrite全局变量

$server_name		#当前用户请求的域名
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;
	rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$server_name;
}

$request_filename	#请求的文件路径和名字(带着网站站点目录的路径和文件 /code/images/1.jpg)
$request_uri		#请求的文件路径和名字(不带网站站点目录的路径和文件 /images/1.jpg)

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name rw.linux.com;
    root /code;
	rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$server_name$request_uri;
}


#很久很久以前,网站优化
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.baidu.com baidu.com;
    root /code;
	if ($http_host = baidu.com) {
		rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com;
	}
}

#实际写法
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name baidu.com;
    rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com;

}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.baidu.com;
    root /code;
}

rewrite可以开启日志

#NGINX主配置文件,错误日志级别改成notice
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;

#http层开启rewrite日志
rewrite_log on;

uri 和 url的区别

http://192.168.15.7/video-sousuo-117877-18-0-0-0-1-all-complex-0-0-0-0-0-0.html


url : http://192.168.15.7/video-sousuo-117877-18-0-0-0-1-all-complex-0-0-0-0-0-0.html
uri : /video-sousuo-117877-18-0-0-0-1-all-complex-0-0-0-0-0-0.html

posted @ 2021-05-07 22:06  BaiM0  阅读(174)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报