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GOF给出的定义为:提供一种方法访问一个容器(container)对象中各个元素,而又不需暴露该对象的内部细节。

Iterator模式就是分离了集合对象的遍历行为,抽象出一个迭代器类来负责,这样既可以做到不暴露集合的内部结构,又可让外部代码透明的访问集合内部的数据。

 迭代器模式由以下角色组成:

  1) 迭代器角色(Iterator):迭代器角色负责定义访问和遍历元素的接口。

  2) 具体迭代器角色(Concrete Iterator):具体迭代器角色要实现迭代器接口,并要记录遍历中的当前位置。

  3) 容器角色(Container):容器角色负责提供创建具体迭代器角色的接口。

  4) 具体容器角色(Concrete Container):具体容器角色实现创建具体迭代器角色的接口——这个具体迭代器角色于该容器的结构相关。

.Net集合类中有大量该模式的实现。当然我们也可以自己实现Iterator模式,以下是个简单的例子:

using System;
using System.Collections;

public class Person
{
    public Person(string fName, string lName)
    {
        this.firstName = fName;
        this.lastName = lName;
    }

    public string firstName;
    public string lastName;
}

public class People : IEnumerable
{
    private Person[] _people;
    public People(Person[] pArray)
    {
        _people = new Person[pArray.Length];

        for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
        {
            _people[i] = pArray[i];
        }
    }

    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        return new PeopleEnum(_people);
    }
}

public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator
{
    public Person[] _people;

    // Enumerators are positioned before the first element
    // until the first MoveNext() call.
    int position = -1;

    public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
    {
        _people = list;
    }

    public bool MoveNext()
    {
        position++;
        return (position < _people.Length);
    }

    public void Reset()
    {
        position = -1;
    }

    public object Current
    {
        get
        {
            try
            {
                return _people[position];
            }
            catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
    }
}

class App
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
        {
            new Person("John", "Smith"),
            new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),
            new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),
        };

        People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
        foreach (Person p in peopleList)
            Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);

    }
}

/* This code produces output similar to the following:
 * 
 * John Smith
 * Jim Johnson
 * Sue Rabon
 * 
 */

  .NET2.0下面,由于有了yield return关键字,实现起来将更加的简单优雅。下面我们把刚才的例子在2.0下重新实现一遍:

 public class Person
    {
        public Person(string fName, string lName)
        {
            this.firstName = fName;
            this.lastName = lName;
        }

        public string firstName;
        public string lastName;
    }

    public class People : IEnumerable
    {
        private Person[] _people;
        public People(Person[] pArray)
        {
            _people = new Person[pArray.Length];

            for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
            {
                _people[i] = pArray[i];
            }
        }

        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
        {
            foreach (Person item in _people)
            {
                yield return item;
            }
        }
    }

  关于yield return关键字的详解, 可以参考:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/9k7k7cf0.aspx

总之, 迭代器模式是为容器而生。


posted on 2012-02-23 12:39  中金黄金  阅读(189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报