prometheus学习系列二： Prometheus安装

下载

在prometheus的官网的download页面，可以找到prometheus的下载二进制包。 

[root@node00 src]# cd /usr/src/
[root@node00 src]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.12.0/prometheus-2.12.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@node00 src]# mkdir /usr/local/prometheus/
[root@node00 src]# tar xf prometheus-2.12.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/prometheus/
[root@node00 src]# cd /usr/local/prometheus/
[root@node00 prometheus]# ln -s prometheus-2.12.0.linux-amd64  prometheus
[root@node00 prometheus]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  29 Sep 20 05:06 prometheus -> prometheus-2.12.0.linux-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434 132 Aug 18 11:40 prometheus-2.12.0.linux-amd64
[root@node00 prometheus]# cd  prometheus

获取配置帮助

[root@node00 prometheus]# ./prometheus  --help 

启动

# 启动
[root@node00 prometheus]# ./prometheus 
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:293 msg="no time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:329 msg="Starting Prometheus" version="(version=2.12.0, branch=HEAD, revision=43acd0e2e93f9f70c49b2267efa0124f1e759e86)"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:330 build_context="(go=go1.12.8, user=root@7a9dbdbe0cc7, date=20190818-13:53:16)"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:331 host_details="(Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 node00 (none))"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:332 fd_limits="(soft=1024, hard=4096)"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.470Z caller=main.go:333 vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.473Z caller=main.go:654 msg="Starting TSDB ..."
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.473Z caller=web.go:448 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.519Z caller=head.go:509 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.520Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.520Z caller=main.go:669 fs_type=XFS_SUPER_MAGIC
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.520Z caller=main.go:670 msg="TSDB started"
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.520Z caller=main.go:740 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.568Z caller=main.go:768 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2019-09-20T09:45:35.568Z caller=main.go:623 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."

测试

 

配置开机自启

# 进入systemd文件目录
[root@node00 system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
# 编写prometheus systemd文件
[root@node00 system]# cat prometheus.service 
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target 

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 启动
[root@node00 system]# systemctl restart prometheus 
# 查看状态
[root@node00 system]# systemctl status prometheus
● prometheus.service - prometheus
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-09-20 06:11:21 EDT; 4s ago
 Main PID: 32871 (prometheus)
   CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
           └─32871 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus

Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.634Z caller=head.go:509 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile"
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.640Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=3
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.640Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=1 maxSegment=3
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.641Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=2 maxSegment=3
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.641Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=3 maxSegment=3
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.642Z caller=main.go:669 fs_type=XFS_SUPER_MAGIC
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.642Z caller=main.go:670 msg="TSDB started"
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.642Z caller=main.go:740 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.686Z caller=main.go:768 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
Sep 20 06:11:21 node00 prometheus[32871]: level=info ts=2019-09-20T10:11:21.686Z caller=main.go:623 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."

# 开机自启配置
[root@node00 system]# systemctl enable prometheus
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/prometheus.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service.

 后端存储配置

默认情况下prometheus会将采集的数据防止到本机的data目录的， 存储数据的大小受限和扩展不便，这是使用influxdb作为后端的数据库来存储数据。

 influxdb安装配置

influxdb的官方文档地址为： https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/introduction/downloading/ 根据不同系统进行下载，这里使用官方提供的rpm进行安装。

# 下载rpm
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.7.8.x86_64.rpm
# 本地安装rpm
sudo yum localinstall influxdb-1.7.8.x86_64.rpm
# 查看安装的文件
[root@node00 influxdb]# rpm -ql influxdb
/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/influxdb
/usr/bin/influx
/usr/bin/influx_inspect
/usr/bin/influx_stress
/usr/bin/influx_tsm
/usr/bin/influxd
/usr/lib/influxdb/scripts/influxdb.service
/usr/lib/influxdb/scripts/init.sh
/usr/share/man/man1/influx.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influx_inspect.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influx_stress.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influx_tsm.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd-backup.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd-config.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd-restore.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd-run.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd-version.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/influxd.1.gz
/var/lib/influxdb
/var/log/influxdb
# 备份默认的默认的配置文件，这里可以对influxdb的数据存放位置做些设置
[root@node00 influxdb]# cp /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf  /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf.default

# 启动
[root@node00 influxdb]# systemctl restart influxdb
# 查看状态
[root@node00 influxdb]# systemctl status influxdb


# 客户端登陆测试， 创建一个prometheus的database供后续的prometheus使用。
[root@node00 influxdb]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.8
InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.8
> show databases;
name: databases
name
----
_internal
> create database prometheus;
> show databases;
name: databases
name
----
_internal
prometheus
> exit 

 配置prometheus集成infludb

官方的帮助文档在这里： https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/supported_protocols/prometheus/

[root@node00 prometheus]# pwd
/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus
cp prometheus.yml  prometheus.yml.default
vim prometheus.yml
# 添加如下几行
remote_write:
  - url: "http://localhost:8086/api/v1/prom/write?db=prometheus"

remote_read:
  - url: "http://localhost:8086/api/v1/prom/read?db=prometheus"

systemctl restart prometheus 
systemctl status prometheus

注意： 如果influxdb配置有密码， 请参考上面的官方文档地址进行配置。

测试数据是否存储到influxdb中

[root@node00 prometheus]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.8
InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.8
> show databases;
name: databases
name
----
_internal
prometheus
> use prometheus
Using database prometheus
> show measures;
ERR: error parsing query: found measures, expected CONTINUOUS, DATABASES, DIAGNOSTICS, FIELD, GRANTS, MEASUREMENT, MEASUREMENTS, QUERIES, RETENTION, SERIES, SHARD, SHARDS, STATS, SUBSCRIPTIONS, TAG, USERS at line 1, char 6
> show MEASUREMENTS;
name: measurements
name
----
go_gc_duration_seconds
go_gc_duration_seconds_count
go_gc_duration_seconds_sum
go_goroutines
go_info
go_memstats_alloc_bytes
# 后面还是有很多，这里不粘贴了。

# 做个简单查询
> select * from prometheus_http_requests_total limit 10 ; 
name: prometheus_http_requests_total
time                __name__                       code handler  instance       job        value
----                --------                       ---- -------  --------       ---        -----
1568975686217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 1
1568975701216000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 2
1568975716218000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 3
1568975731217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 4
1568975746216000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 5
1568975761217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 6
1568975776217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 7
1568975791217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 8
1568975806217000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 9
1568975821216000000 prometheus_http_requests_total 200  /metrics localhost:9090 prometheus 10