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DNS服务器的搭建

更详细的dns笔记整理: http://services.linuxpanda.tech/DNS/index.html

1 DNS介绍

DNS(Domain Name System,域名系统),因特网上作为域名和IP地址相互映射的一个分布式数据库,
能够使用户更方便的访问互联网,而不用去记住能够被机器直接读取的IP数串。通过主机名,最终得到该主机名对应的IP地址的过程叫做域名解析(或主机名解析)。
DNS协议运行在UDP协议之上,使用端口号53。

2. 环境准备

2.1 环境介绍

我这里使用的是centos7,内核版本是3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

主dns:192.168.137.101

从dns:192.168.137.100

2.2查看默认bind的安装情况

[root@mail ~]# rpm -qa bind
bind-9.9.4-37.el7.x86_64

2.3 主要文件介绍

/etc/named.conf :   主配置文件, 定义了bind的工作属性,区域的定义。

/etc/rndc.key  :  秘钥文件,配置文件是/etc/rndc.conf。

/var/named/   :   区域数据文件存放位置。

/usr/sbin/named-checkconf  :   检查主配置文件
/usr/sbin/named-checkzone  :  检查区域文件

3.主DNS的搭建

3.1正向解析搭建

 3.1.1备份配置文件

[root@mail ~]# cp /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
[root@mail ~]# cp /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.zones.bak

3.1.2编辑主配置文件/etc/named.conf

注释一下几行
//
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; //listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; //allow-query { localhost; };

3.1.3检查配置文件并重启

[root@mail ~]# named-checkconf 
[root@mail ~]# systemctl restart named.service

3.1.4编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones 文件, 添加区域

在/etc/nmaed.rfc1912.zones 最后添加如下行。
zone "linuxpanda.com" IN { type master; file "linuxpanda.com.zone"; };

3.1.5 添加区域的文件

在 /var/named目录下创建一个linuxpanda.com.zone 文件(文件名和etc/named.rfc1912.zones一致),文件内容如下。

$TTL 600
@       IN      SOA ns.linuxpanda.com. admin.linuxpanda.com. (
                                20170317
                                1H
                                1M
                                2D
                                6H)
        IN      NS      ns
        IN      MX 10   mail
ns      IN      A       192.168.137.101
mail    IN      A       192.168.137.100
www     IN      A       192.168.137.103
www     IN      A       192.168.137.104
ftp     IN      CNAME   www

3.1.6 修改权限和属主

[root@mail named]# chown root.named linuxpanda.com.zone
[root@mail named]# chmod 640 linuxpanda.com.zone

3.1.7 检查配置文件和区域文件并重新启动named

[root@mail named]# named-checkconf 
[root@mail named]# named-checkzone "linuxpanda.com" /var/named/linuxpanda.com.zone
zone linuxpanda.com/IN: loaded serial 20170317
OK
[root@mail named]# systemctl restart named.service

3.1.8 测试配置正确性

3.1.8.1测试linuxpanda.com区域的ns记录

[root@mail named]# dig -t NS  linuxpanda.com @192.168.137.101

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -t NS linuxpanda.com @192.168.137.101
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17926
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;linuxpanda.com.            IN    NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
linuxpanda.com.        600    IN    NS    ns.linuxpanda.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.linuxpanda.com.    600    IN    A    192.168.137.101

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.137.101#53(192.168.137.101)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 26 14:57:44 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 76

3.2.8.2测试www.linuxpanda.com的ip地址

[root@mail named]# dig -t A www.linuxpanda.com @192.168.137.101

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -t A www.linuxpanda.com @192.168.137.101
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 49907
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.linuxpanda.com.        IN    A                                      

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.linuxpanda.com.    600    IN    A    192.168.137.103
www.linuxpanda.com.    600    IN    A    192.168.137.104

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
linuxpanda.com.        600    IN    NS    ns.linuxpanda.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.linuxpanda.com.    600    IN    A    192.168.137.101

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.137.101#53(192.168.137.101)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 26 14:59:33 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 112

3.1.9window下测试

C:\Users\Administrator>nslookup                #启动终端cmd,输入nslookup
默认服务器:  google-public-dns-a.google.com
Address:  8.8.8.8

> server 192.168.137.101             #指定主机, 我的dns服务器放置linux上,ip为192.168.137.101 
默认服务器:  [192.168.137.101]
Address:  192.168.137.101

> set q=A                      #设置查询类型为A记录   类型dit -t A
> www.linuxpanda.com                #查询www.linuxpanda.com

3.2反向解析搭建

3.2.1编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones 文件, 添加区域

在/etc/nmaed.rfc1912.zones 最后添加如下行。
zone "137.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "192.168.137.zone"; };

3.2.2 添加反向解析的区域文件

[root@mail named]# cp linuxpanda.com.zone 192.168.137.zone -p       #-p选项, 保证了属主属组和权限信息的一致性
编辑 192.168.137.zone文件,内容如下
$TTL 600
@    IN     SOA ns.linuxpanda.com. admin.linuxpanda.com. (
                20170317
                1H
                1M
                2D
                6H)
    IN    NS    ns.linuxpanda.com.
101    IN    PTR    ns.linuxpanda.com.
100    IN    PTR    mail.linuxpanda.com.
103    IN    PTR    www.linuxpanda.com.
104    IN    PTR    www.linuxpanda.com.

3.2.3 检查配置文件并重启

[root@mail named]# named-checkconf 
[root@mail named]# named-checkzone "137.168.192.in-addr.ara" /var/named/192.168.137.zone
zone 137.168.192.in-addr.ara/IN: loaded serial 20170317
OK
[root@mail named]# systemctl restart named.service

3.2.4 测试反向的配置

[root@mail named]# dig -x  192.168.137.103 @192.168.137.101

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.137.103 @192.168.137.101
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 9869
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;103.137.168.192.in-addr.arpa.    IN    PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
103.137.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 600 IN    PTR    www.linuxpanda.com.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
137.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 600    IN    NS    ns.linuxpanda.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.linuxpanda.com.    600    IN    A    192.168.137.101

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.137.101#53(192.168.137.101)
;; WHEN: Sun Mar 26 15:34:41 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

 4 从服务器的搭建

 

posted on 2017-03-26 13:28  LinuxPanda  阅读(534)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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