day20 -Linux磁盘管理作业
第20天作业
作业:
1.完成思维导图,注意!一定是要在理解的基础上做,而不是单纯的复制粘贴。
2.笔记里的分区实验全部练习一遍以上。
3.完成练习题
练习题:
1.机械硬盘和固态硬盘都怕啥
机械硬盘怕震动
固态硬盘怕突然断电
2.请描述以下设备表示的意思
/dev/sda 第一块硬盘
/dev/sda1 第一块硬盘第一个分区
/dev/sdb2 第二块硬盘第二分区
/dev/sdc3 第三块硬盘第三个分区
/dev/sdd 第四块硬盘
3.请描述MBR分区和GPT分区的区别
MBR分区最多只能新建4个主分区
逻辑分区必须在拓展分区下
GPT可以新建128分区
拓展分区和逻辑分区
4.新增加一块10G大小的磁盘,创建MBR分区类型,3个主分区,2个逻辑分区,主分区每个1G大小,逻辑分区一个2G大小,最后一个使用所有空间。
[root@centos7-100 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part
├─sdb4 8:20 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 2G 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 5G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
[root@centos7-100 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xbba70158
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 6293504 20971519 7339008 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 6295552 10489855 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 10491904 20971519 5239808 83 Linux
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
最后一个是5G
5.删除刚才创建的MBR分区,创建GPT分区类型,创建三个分区,前两个分区使用1G大小,最后一个分区使用所有空间。
[root@centos7-100 ~]# gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdb: 20971520 sectors, 10.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 882ED297-F140-46D8-98D1-21E2991231FC
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 20971486
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 2099199 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
2 2099200 4196351 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
3 4196352 20971486 8.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
[root@centos7-100 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="28a58b70-76c6-4a21-b99b-a51da96040d0" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="DKpBKF-m84h-seOs-b6F1-c6uM-N7hU-Jh2Dxb" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-22-00-54-00-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="05924dd2-f8c9-48d1-a49b-88aeae6f7edf" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="9408f906-1ce9-494a-9774-a6f827d52b85" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="cdce1d17-72dd-4421-a823-fdd896c4301e"
/dev/sdb2: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="5e3ad103-aaae-4586-aeb3-f6554ea60a3d"
/dev/sdb3: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="fd6641c9-3d9c-4251-9e83-f954b9b2ad00"
[root@centos7-100 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb3 8:19 0 8G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
6.删除刚才创建的GPT分区,使用parted交互式和免交互式分别创建2个分区的文件系统
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
(parted) rm 1
错误: 分区不存在。
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []? 1
文件系统类型? [ext2]? xfs
起始点? 0
结束点? 1000
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB 1
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []? 2
文件系统类型? [ext2]? xfs
起始点? 1000
结束点? -1
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB 1
2 1000MB 10.7GB 9736MB 2
(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB 1
2 1000MB 10.7GB 9736MB 2
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb rm 1
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
2 1000MB 10.7GB 9736MB 2
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb rm 2
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? yes
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel xfs
parted: invalid token: xfs
新的磁盘标签类型? xfs
parted: invalid token: xfs
新的磁盘标签类型? y
parted: invalid token: y
新的磁盘标签类型?
新的磁盘标签类型? 1
parted: invalid token: 1
新的磁盘标签类型? q
parted: invalid token: q
新的磁盘标签类型? ^C
错误: 需要磁盘标签类型。
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel mklabel 1 0 10GB
parted: invalid token: mklabel
新的磁盘标签类型? ^C
错误: 需要磁盘标签类型。
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel 1 0 10GB
parted: invalid token: 1
新的磁盘标签类型? ^C
错误: 需要磁盘标签类型。
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart 1 0 10GB
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@centos7-100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB 1
7.请描述Windows和Linux下常见的文件系统
windows常见文件系统 fat32,ntfs
Linux常见文件系统xfs,ext4
8.删除刚才创建的分区,直接创建xfs文件系统使用整块磁盘
[root@centos7-100 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb -f
meta-data=/dev/sdb isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@centos7-100 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@centos7-100 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: UUID="43e01880-9142-40c0-85bf-cad866a80029" TYPE="xfs"
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
查看挂载情况
[root@centos7-100 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
[root@centos7-100 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 2.5G 35G 7% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 147M 868M 15% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
/dev/sdb 挂载到/data1并查看系统挂载情况
[root@centos7-100 ~]# mount /dev/sdb /data1
[root@centos7-100 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 2.5G 35G 7% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 147M 868M 15% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb 10G 33M 10G 1% /data1
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
9.将刚才格式化的文件系统挂载到/data目录下
取消/data1挂载,并查看挂载情况
[root@centos7-100 ~]# umount /data1
[root@centos7-100 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 2.5G 35G 7% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 147M 868M 15% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos7-100 ~]#
挂载到/data目录下
[root@centos7-100 ~]# mount /dev/sdb /data
[root@centos7-100 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 2.5G 35G 7% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 147M 868M 15% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb 10G 33M 10G 1% /data
10.实现开机自动挂载/data分区
查看/dev/sdb blkid信息
[root@centos7-100 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="28a58b70-76c6-4a21-b99b-a51da96040d0" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="DKpBKF-m84h-seOs-b6F1-c6uM-N7hU-Jh2Dxb" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-22-00-54-00-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="05924dd2-f8c9-48d1-a49b-88aeae6f7edf" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="9408f906-1ce9-494a-9774-a6f827d52b85" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb: UUID="43e01880-9142-40c0-85bf-cad866a80029" TYPE="xfs"
复制/dev/sdb UUID 复制到vim /etc/fastab中加开机自启
[root@centos7-100 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@centos7-100 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Sep 15 19:33:47 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=28a58b70-76c6-4a21-b99b-a51da96040d0 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=d92f54b9-5c05-4558-8458-5969a4f53b68 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=83979830-6227-41aa-8b0e-f5bec42a7b86 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=43e01880-9142-40c0-85bf-cad866a80029 /data xfs defaults 0 0
[root@centos7-100 ~]#