python学习-pytest（五）-pytest常用方法
最近工作中用到了pytest，总结一些用法：
1. 安装：
pip install pytest
2. 运行：
pytest 默认只能识别以test_ 开头的文件和测试用例，如果pytest后面不带文件名，则默认执行当前目录下所有以test_ 开头的文件。
- 执行某个文件里所有以 test 开头的用例：
pytest test_demo.py
# test_demo.py
def test_01():
assert 1+1 == 2
def test_02():
assert 1+3 == 4
执行结果：
$ pytest test_demo.py
========================================= test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items
test_demo.py .. [100%]
======================================== 2 passed in 0.04 seconds =========================================
如果只想执行test_01，可以使用pytest test_demo.py::test_01
- 如果用例是用类组织起来的：
# test_class.py
class TestClass(object):
def test_one(self):
x = "this"
assert 'h' in x
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
assert hasattr(x, 'check')
执行结果：
$ pytest test_class.py
=========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items
test_class.py .F [100%]
================================================= FAILURES =================================================
____________________________________________ TestClass.test_two ____________________________________________
self = <test_class.TestClass object at 0x102f46780>
def test_two(self):
y = "world"
> assert 'h' in y
E AssertionError: assert 'h' in 'world'
test_class.py:9: AssertionError
========================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.08 seconds ====================================
如果一个文件里有多个类，你只想执行其中一个类里的用例：
pytest test_class.py::TestClass
- 执行某个文件夹下所有的以
test_开头的文件：pytest testcase/
# testcase/test_demo01.py
def test_one():
x = 'this'
assert 'h' in x
# testcase/test_demo02.py
def test_two():
y = 'world'
assert 'h' in y
执行结果:
$ pytest testcase/
========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items
testcase/test_demo01.py . [ 50%]
testcase/test_demo02.py F [100%]
============================================== FAILURES ===========================================
_________________________________________________ test_two _________________________________________________
def test_two():
y = 'world'
> assert 'h' in y
E AssertionError: assert 'h' in 'world'
testcase/test_demo02.py:3: AssertionError
==================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.09 seconds ================================
- 执行带某个标记的用例，比如用例中带了
@pytest.mark.smoke标记的用例：
# test_mark.py
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_01():
assert 1+1 == 2
def test_02():
assert 1+3 == 4
$ pytest -m smoke test_mark.py
=========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items / 1 deselected / 1 selected
test_mark.py . [100%]
================================== 1 passed, 1 deselected in 0.03 seconds ==================================
可以看到只执行带@pytest.mark.smoke的用例。
- 按用例函数的名称来执行：
pytest -k 01 test_mark.py
$ pytest -k 01 test_mark.py
=========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items / 1 deselected / 1 selected
test_mark.py . [100%]
================================== 1 passed, 1 deselected in 0.01 seconds ==================================
按照用例名字来执行，只执行名字里含有01的测试用例。
3. pytest fixture
@pytest_fixture的作用是提供一个固定的参数给测试重复的使用，相当于unittest里的setup和teardown.
- pytest fixture 做函数的参数
# test_fixture.py
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def num():
n = random.randint(1, 5)
return n
def test_01(num):
print(num)
assert 0
def test_02(num):
print(num)
assert 0
- pytest fixture的scope有class, session 和 module.
- 此时执行可以多次执行看看两个函数里num的数值是否是一样：
$ pytest test_fixture.py
=========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0
rootdir: /Users/libo/python3workspace/learn, inifile:
plugins: rerunfailures-7.0, picked-0.4.1, parallel-0.0.9, forked-1.0.2, cov-2.7.1, allure-pytest-2.6.1
collected 2 items
test_fixture.py FF [100%]
================================================= FAILURES =================================================
_________________________________________________ test_01 __________________________________________________
num = 3
def test_01(num):
print(num)
> assert 0
E assert 0
test_fixture.py:12: AssertionError
------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call -------------------------------------------
3
_________________________________________________ test_02 __________________________________________________
num = 3
def test_02(num):
print(num)
> assert 0
E assert 0
test_fixture.py:16: AssertionError
------------------------