linux查看硬件信息

系统

uname -a               # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息
head -n 1 /etc/issue   # 查看操作系统版本
cat /proc/cpuinfo      # 查看CPU信息
hostname               # 查看计算机名
lspci -tv              # 列出所有PCI设备
lsusb -tv              # 列出所有USB设备
lsmod                  # 列出加载的内核模块
env                    # 查看环境变量

资源

free -m                # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量
df -h                  # 查看各分区使用情况
du -sh <目录名>        # 查看指定目录的大小
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 查看内存总量
grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 查看空闲内存量
uptime                 # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载
cat /proc/loadavg      # 查看系统负载

硬件

硬盘：lsblk   
     fdisk -l

逻辑CPU个数： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'processor' | wc -l
物理CPU个数： cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'physical id' | sort | uniq | wc -l

主板信息：dmidecode >dmidecode.tmp

vim dmidecode.tmp
System Information  服务器品牌
Base Board Information  主板型号/主板信息
Processor Information  CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频
Physical Memory Array  主板最大支持内存
Memory Array Mapped Address  目前的内存
On Board Device Information  显卡型号

示例：

# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.
Table at 0x000E84B0.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Intel Corp.
        Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334
        Release Date: 06/25/2009

.....

System Information  服务器品牌
        Manufacturer:                                  
        Product Name:              （没有信息表示非品牌或未识别）                    
        Version:                                  
        Serial Number:                                  
        UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: Not Specified
        Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information  主板型号/主板信息
        Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
        Product Name: DG43GT
        Version: AAE62768-300
        Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information  CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频
        Socket Designation: PROCESSOR
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Pentium D
        Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.
        ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10
        Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHz   
        Voltage: 1.2 V
        External Clock: 266 MHz
        Max Speed: 4000 MHz
        Current Speed: 2931 MHz
        Status: Populated, Enabled
        Upgrade: Socket LGA775

Cache Information  硬件和CPU缓存情况
        Socket Designation: L1-Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
        Operational Mode: Write Back
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 32 kB
        Maximum Size: 32 kB

BIOS Language Information  BIOS语言
        Installable Languages: 1
                en|US|iso8859-1
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Physical Memory Array  主板最大支持内存
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address  目前的内存
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
        Range Size: 4 GB
        Physical Array Handle: 0x002B
        Partition Width: 0

On Board Device Information  显卡型号
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description:  Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device