使用Spring JdbcTemplate实现数据库操作

一:Spring JdbcTemplate是干啥的呢?

JdbcTemplate是core包的核心类。它替我们完成了资源的创建以及释放工作,从而简化了我们对JDBC的使用。它还可以帮助我们避免一些常见的错误,比如忘记关闭数据库连接。JdbcTemplate将完成JDBC核心处理流程,比如SQL语句的创建、执行,而把SQL语句的生成以及查询结果的提取工作留给我们的应用代码。它可以完成SQL查询、更新以及调用存储过程,可以对ResultSet进行遍历并加以提取。

二:首先我们先了解的知识

  1. Spring JDBC由4个部分组成,即core、datasource、object、support。

  (1)core包:提供JDBC模板类,其中JdbcTemplate是core包的核心类。

  (2)datesource包:提供简化访问JDBC数据源工具类,并提供一些DataSource简单实现类,从而使这些DataSource获取的连接能自动得到Spring事务管理的支持。

  (3)object包:提供关系数据的对象表示形式,如MappingSqlQuery、SqlUpdate、SqlCall、SqlFunction等。

  (4)support包:提供将JDBC异常转换为DAO非检查异常的转化类和一些工具类。

2. JdbcTemplate主要提供以下五类方法:

  • execute方法:可以用于执行任何SQL语句,一般用于执行DDL语句;

  • update方法及batchUpdate方法:update方法用于执行新增、修改、删除等语句;batchUpdate方法用于执行批处理相关语句;

  • query方法及queryForXXX方法:用于执行查询相关语句;

  • call方法:用于执行存储过程、函数相关语句。

     想要了解大家可以去查API,这里就不做多的解释了

三:几个使用经典案例

1.使用之前在保证Spring框架的jar包齐全的情况下引入

    spring-jdbc-4.2.0.RELEASE.jar

2.Book.java

package cn.book.beans;
//Book实体类(Bean)
public class Book {
    
    private Integer bookId;
    
    private String bookName;
    
    private Integer bookPrice;

    public Integer getBookId() {
        return bookId;
    }

    public void setBookId(Integer bookId) {
        this.bookId = bookId;
    }

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public Integer getBookPrice() {
        return bookPrice;
    }

    public void setBookPrice(Integer bookPrice) {
        this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
    }
    
}
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3.BookDao.java

package cn.book.dao;
//dao接口
import java.util.List;

import cn.book.beans.Book;

public interface BookDao {
    /**
     * 新增图书
     * @param book 图书对象编号
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int addBook(Book book);
    /**
     * 删除图书信息
     * @param book 要删除的图书对象编号
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int deleteBook(Book book);
    /**
     * 更改图书信息
     * @param book 要更改的图书对象编号
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int updateBook(Book book);
    /**
     * 查询所有图书集合
     * @return 图书集合
     */
    public List<Book> booklist();
    /**
     * 根据编号查询图书名 
     * @param book 图书对象编号
     * @return 图书名
     */
    public String bookNameOfId(Book book);
    
    /**
     * 据编号查询图书对象
     * @param book 图书对象编号
     * @return 图书对象
     */
    public  Book bookOfId(Book book);

}
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4.BookDaoImpl.java(继承了JdbcDaoSupport类--使用getJdbcTemplate()方法)

package cn.book.dao.impl;
//dao接口实现类
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import cn.book.beans.Book;
import cn.book.dao.BookDao;
import cn.book.util.MyRowMapper;
//继承了JdbcDaoSupport类--使用getJdbcTemplate()方法
public class BookDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements BookDao {

    public int addBook(Book book) {
        // 增删改用update
        String sql = "insert into book(bookname,bookPrice) values(?,?)";
        int count = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, book.getBookName(),
                book.getBookPrice());
        return count;
    }

    public List<Book> booklist() {
        String sql = "select * from book";
        List<Book> list = this.getJdbcTemplate().query(sql, new MyRowMapper());
        return list;
    }

    public int updateBook(Book book) {
        // 增删改用update
        String sql = "update book set bookname=?,bookPrice=? where bookId=?";
        int count = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, book.getBookName(),
                book.getBookPrice(), book.getBookId());
        return count;
    }

    public int deleteBook(Book book) {
        // 增删改用update
        String sql = "delete from book where bookId=?";
        int count = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, book.getBookId());
        return count;

    }

    public String bookNameOfId(Book book) {
        String sql = "select * from book where bookId=?";
        List<Book> list = this.getJdbcTemplate().query(sql, new MyRowMapper(),
                book.getBookId());
        return list.get(0).getBookName();
    }

    public Book bookOfId(Book book) {
        String sql = "select * from book where bookId=?";
        Book mybook = this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(sql,
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class), book.getBookId());
        return mybook;
    }

}
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5.BookService.java

package cn.book.service;
//service接口
import java.util.List;

import cn.book.beans.Book;

public interface BookService {
    /**
     * 新增图书
     * @param book 图书对象
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int addBook(Book book);
    /**
     * 删除图书信息
     * @param book 要删除的图书对象
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int deleteBook(Book book);
    /**
     * 更改图书信息
     * @param book 要更改的图书对象
     * @return 受影响行数
     */
    public int updateBook(Book book);
    
    /**
     * 查询所有图书集合
     * @return 图书集合
     */
    public List<Book> booklist();
    /**
     * 根据编号查询图书名 
     * @param book 图书集合
     * @return 图书名
     */
    public String bookNameOfId(Book book);
    /**
     * 据编号查询图书对象
     * @param book 图书对象编号
     * @return 图书对象
     */
    public  Book bookOfId(Book book);
}
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6.BookServiceImpl.java

package cn.book.service.impl;
//service接口实现类
import java.util.List;

import cn.book.beans.Book;
import cn.book.dao.BookDao;
import cn.book.service.BookService;

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
 
    //植入dao接口
    private BookDao dao;
    
    //调用dao中的方法
    public int addBook(Book book) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return dao.addBook(book);
    }
    public List<Book> booklist() {
        
        return dao.booklist();
    }
    public int updateBook(Book book) {
        return dao.updateBook(book);
    }
    public int deleteBook(Book book) {
        return dao.deleteBook(book);
    }
    public String bookNameOfId(Book book) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return dao.bookNameOfId(book);
    }
    public Book bookOfId(Book book) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return dao.bookOfId(book);
    }
    
    //set和get方法
    public BookDao getDao() {
        return dao;
    }
    public void setDao(BookDao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
}
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7.MyRowMapper.java

package cn.book.util;
///RowMapper可以将数据中的每一行封装成用户定义的类,
//在数据库查询中,如果返回的类型是用户自定义的类型则需要包装,则可以包装成你想要的类
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import cn.book.beans.Book;

public class MyRowMapper implements RowMapper<Book> {

    /**
     * 封装成Book类并返回
     * rs:代表单行数据
     * rowNum:行号
     */
    public Book mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookId(rs.getInt("bookId"));
        book.setBookName(rs.getString("bookName"));
        book.setBookPrice(rs.getInt("bookPrice"));
        return book;
    }

}
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8.applicationContext.xml(Spring配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        ">
    <bean id="dao" class="cn.book.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="myJDBCTemplate"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="service" class="cn.book.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="dao" ref="dao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置连接池 Spring 内置的 -->
     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> 
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property> <property 
        name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property> 
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property> </bean>


    <!-- *****注册Jdbc属性文件***** -->
    <!-- 方式一: PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 方式二: -->
    <!-- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" 
        /> -->
    <!-- ********注册jdbcTemplate********* -->
    <bean id="myJDBCTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
</beans> 
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9.jdbc.properties(连接池的配置信息)

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/mybook
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=1234
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10.log4j.properties(日志配置文件)

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c\:mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
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11.MyTest.java(测试类)

package cn.book.test;
//测试类
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import cn.book.beans.Book;
import cn.book.service.BookService;

public class MyTest {
    /*
     * 新增
     */
    @Test
    public void TestOne() {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookName("西游记");
        book.setBookPrice(100);
        int addBook = service.addBook(book);
        if (addBook>0) {
            System.out.println("新增成功!");
        }
        
    }
    /*
     * 删除
     */
    @Test
    public void TestTwo() {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookId(3);
        int count = service.deleteBook(book);
        if (count>0) {
            System.out.println("删除成功");
        }
        
    }
    /*
     * 修改
     */
    @Test
    public void TestThree(){
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookId(3);
        book.setBookName("水浒传");
        book.setBookPrice(300);
        int count = service.updateBook(book);
        if (count>0) {
            System.out.println("更改成功");
        }
    }
    /*
     * 查询所有图书信息
     */
    @Test
    public void TestFour() {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        List<Book> list = service.booklist();
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            System.out.println(list.get(i).getBookName());
        }
        
    }
    /*
     * 根据编号查询图书名 
     */
    @Test
    public void bookNameOfId() {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookId(2);
        String nameOfId = service.bookNameOfId(book);
        System.out.println(nameOfId);
        
    }
    /*
     * 根据编号查询图书名 
     */
    @Test
    public void bookOfId() {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
        BookService service = (BookService)ctx.getBean("service");
        Book book=new Book();
        book.setBookId(2);
        Book book2 = service.bookOfId(book);
        System.out.println(book2.getClass());
        
    }

}
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posted @ 2016-10-15 12:05  昵称加载失败~  阅读(2781)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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