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Docker - docker compose

docker-compose.yaml:

version: '3.3'

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - 8080:80

With regards to the preceding docker-compose file, we have the term services that refers to all the applications that we would be running in one go. In this first example test, we can attempt to run the nginx container image under the service called nginx.
We can also set it such that we would export port 80 of the nginx container to our current workstation’s port 8080.

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml up
[+] Running 2/1
 ✔ Network aaa_default    Created                                                                                                                                 0.1s 
 ✔ Container aaa-nginx-1  Created                                                                                                                                 0.0s 
Attaching to aaa-nginx-1
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
aaa-nginx-1  | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
aaa-nginx-1  | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Sourcing /docker-entrypoint.d/15-local-resolvers.envsh
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
aaa-nginx-1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.25.2
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 12.2.0 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 6.2.0-33-generic
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
aaa-nginx-1  | 2023/09/25 03:15:50 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
^CGracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force)
Aborting on container exit...
[+] Stopping 1/1
 ✔ Container aaa-nginx-1  Stopped                                                                                                                                 0.4s 
canceled

We can stop running the nginx application via docker-compose by doing a keyboard interrupt. However, the application would still be around (although stopped), and we will probably be unable to rerun the command: docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml up once more without any issue. To properly clean up, we can run the following command:

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml down
[+] Running 2/2
 ✔ Container aaa-nginx-1  Removed                                                                                                                                 0.0s 
 ✔ Network aaa_default    Removed

docker-compose.yaml:

version: '3.3'

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: dockerfile
    ports:
      - 8080:8080

When we use build here, it serves as some sort of indication to docker-compose that the image for this service might require us to run a Docker container build process to generate it.

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d
[+] Building 9.2s (12/12) FINISHED                                                                                                                      docker:default
 => [app internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                             0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                                   0.0s
 => [app internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                          0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 214B                                                                                                                              0.0s
 => [app internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:1.21                                                                                                2.8s
 => [app 1/7] FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.21@sha256:c416ceeec1cdf037b80baef1ccb402c230ab83a9134b34c0902c542eb4539c82                                          0.0s
 => [app internal] load build context                                                                                                                             0.0s
 => => transferring context: 459B                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [app 2/7] WORKDIR /app                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [app 3/7] ADD go.mod go.sum ./                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => CACHED [app 4/7] RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct                                                                                              0.0s
 => CACHED [app 5/7] RUN go mod download                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => [app 6/7] ADD . .                                                                                                                                             0.0s
 => [app 7/7] RUN go build -o app .                                                                                                                               6.1s
 => [app] exporting to image                                                                                                                                      0.3s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                           0.3s
 => => writing image sha256:c5ca78c1b68074e5e4031f248a133252105b44ba94a62d45497a9a7fe7348b1d                                                                      0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/aaa-app                                                                                                                        0.0s
[+] Running 2/2
 ✔ Network aaa_default  Created                                                                                                                                   0.1s 
 ✔ Container aaa-app-1  Started

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose logs
aaa-app-1  | 2023/09/25 03:28:10 Hello world sample started.

docker-compose.yaml:

version: '3.3'

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - 8081:80
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - 8080:8080

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d
[+] Running 2/2
 ✔ Container aaa-nginx-1  Started                                                                                                                                 0.0s 
 ✔ Container aaa-app-1    Running

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/aaa$ docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml down
[+] Running 3/3
 ✔ Container aaa-app-1    Removed                                                                                                                                 0.2s 
 ✔ Container aaa-nginx-1  Removed                                                                                                                                 0.4s 
 ✔ Network aaa_default    Removed

docker-compose.yaml:

version: '3.7'

services:
  looper:
    build: ./serviceB
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - web
      - db
    environment:
      - SERVICE_A_URL=http://web:8080/revenue
  web:
    build: ./serviceA
    command: >
      sh -c "/app migrate &&
             /app server"
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      - DB_HOST=db
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    environment:
      - MYSQL_USER=user
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=application
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw

Dockerfile under SERVICEA:

FROM golang:1.21 as source
WORKDIR /app
ADD go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
RUN go mod download
ADD . .
RUN go build -o app .

FROM debian
COPY --from=source /app/app /app
CMD ["/app"]

Dockerfile under SERVICEB:

FROM golang:1.21 as source
WORKDIR /app
ADD go.mod .
RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
RUN go mod download
ADD . .
RUN go build -o app .

FROM debian
COPY --from=source /app/app /app
CMD [ "/app" ]

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go$ docker compose up --build
[+] Running 12/1
 ✔ db 11 layers [⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿]      0B/0B      Pulled                                                                                                                                        295.5s 
[+] Building 0.0s (0/0)                                                                                                                                                             docker:default
unable to prepare context: path "/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/serviceA" not found

After changing the two build paths in docker-compose.yaml, the command can succeed:

version: '3.7'

services:
  looper:
    build: ./SERVICEB
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - web
      - db
    environment:
      - SERVICE_A_URL=http://web:8080/revenue
  web:
    build: ./SERVICEA
    command: >
      sh -c "/app migrate &&
             /app server"
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      - DB_HOST=db
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    environment:
      - MYSQL_USER=user
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=application
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go$ docker compose down
[+] Running 4/4
 ✔ Container go-looper-1  Removed                                                                                                                       0.0s 
 ✔ Container go-web-1     Removed                                                                                                                       0.0s 
 ✔ Container go-db-1      Removed                                                                                                                       0.0s 
 ✔ Network go_default     Removed

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go$ docker compose up --build -d
[+] Building 2.6s (25/25) FINISHED                                                                                                            docker:default
 => [web internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 256B                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [web internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                   0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => [looper internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/debian:latest                                                                                 2.5s
 => [looper internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:1.21                                                                                   2.5s
 => [looper source 1/7] FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.21@sha256:c416ceeec1cdf037b80baef1ccb402c230ab83a9134b34c0902c542eb4539c82                      0.0s
 => [looper stage-1 1/2] FROM docker.io/library/debian@sha256:eaace54a93d7b69c7c52bb8ddf9b3fcba0c106a497bc1fdbb89a6299cf945c63                          0.0s
 => [web internal] load build context                                                                                                                   0.0s
 => => transferring context: 263B                                                                                                                       0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 2/7] WORKDIR /app                                                                                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [web source 3/7] ADD go.mod go.sum ./                                                                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [web source 4/7] RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct                                                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [web source 5/7] RUN go mod download                                                                                                         0.0s
 => CACHED [web source 6/7] ADD . .                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => CACHED [web source 7/7] RUN go build -o app .                                                                                                       0.0s
 => CACHED [web stage-1 2/2] COPY --from=source /app/app /app                                                                                           0.0s
 => [web] exporting to image                                                                                                                            0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:4057e67d30519f74fc833eddedf6357b7a0313b4a2a7f1967beb95715371c206                                                            0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/go-web                                                                                                               0.0s
 => [looper internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => [looper internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                             0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 250B                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [looper internal] load build context                                                                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring context: 84B                                                                                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 3/7] ADD go.mod .                                                                                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 4/7] RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct                                                                          0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 5/7] RUN go mod download                                                                                                      0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 6/7] ADD . .                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => CACHED [looper source 7/7] RUN go build -o app .                                                                                                    0.0s
 => CACHED [looper stage-1 2/2] COPY --from=source /app/app /app                                                                                        0.0s
 => [looper] exporting to image                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:01d32c40f95441f1e8051f3a42ba2705b4a8b1dc3af86e61fae22125a9a04540                                                            0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/go-looper                                                                                                            0.0s
[+] Running 4/4
 ✔ Network go_default     Created                                                                                                                       0.1s 
 ✔ Container go-db-1      Started                                                                                                                       0.0s 
 ✔ Container go-web-1     Started                                                                                                                       0.0s 
 ✔ Container go-looper-1  Started

zzh@ZZHPC:/zdata/MyPrograms/Go$ docker container inspect go-web-1
[
    {
        "Id": "58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040",
        "Created": "2023-09-26T02:21:11.451551323Z",
        "Path": "sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "/app migrate &&\n       /app server"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 24319,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-09-26T02:21:20.498310705Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2023-09-26T02:21:17.256456663Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:4057e67d30519f74fc833eddedf6357b7a0313b4a2a7f1967beb95715371c206",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040/58732dbfa34f352ad19f17c4a28617e130ce807add597c262fb0df0f4612f040-json.log",
        "Name": "/go-web-1",
        "RestartCount": 6,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "go_default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "8080/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "8080"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "always",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "private",
            "Dns": null,
            "DnsOptions": null,
            "DnsSearch": null,
            "ExtraHosts": [],
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": null,
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": null,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f6e196d4bfac07e0770e1408ec121e6d0444ad0d1d6986c30de378a3f340e08-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/n28gwo11o2q9ewkxcb7w4vnl4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fa328e3060613cb46dd48605c44cbfd2da1a0b527a07997545649d50019017c8/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f6e196d4bfac07e0770e1408ec121e6d0444ad0d1d6986c30de378a3f340e08/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f6e196d4bfac07e0770e1408ec121e6d0444ad0d1d6986c30de378a3f340e08/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f6e196d4bfac07e0770e1408ec121e6d0444ad0d1d6986c30de378a3f340e08/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "58732dbfa34f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "8080/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "DB_HOST=db",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh",
                "-c",
                "/app migrate &&\n       /app server"
            ],
            "Image": "go-web",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "com.docker.compose.config-hash": "baa13c3dbdfc2c2a0dc74631d3aeb525a5ed5b1fca180ee36e69ceeafaa768ea",
                "com.docker.compose.container-number": "1",
                "com.docker.compose.depends_on": "db:service_started:false",
                "com.docker.compose.image": "sha256:4057e67d30519f74fc833eddedf6357b7a0313b4a2a7f1967beb95715371c206",
                "com.docker.compose.oneoff": "False",
                "com.docker.compose.project": "go",
                "com.docker.compose.project.config_files": "/zdata/MyPrograms/Go/docker-compose.yaml",
                "com.docker.compose.project.working_dir": "/zdata/MyPrograms/Go",
                "com.docker.compose.service": "web",
                "com.docker.compose.version": "2.21.0"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "31c9ef4ddb84f6e06be7f4a592b49c299e58c218545c9c0ed763e4aa34a146ad",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "8080/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "8080"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "8080"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/31c9ef4ddb84",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "go_default": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "go-web-1",
                        "web",
                        "58732dbfa34f"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "0f68c8be7cc2c50dfbc22a3c5cce040a33f72ba203bbcde1cb7e151706b76e4d",
                    "EndpointID": "461bebf91f93c118082152e1164cd4fe035f883b2089d0638a82a2226f5d8b74",
                    "Gateway": "172.19.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.19.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:13:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

Observe that we have the web word there, which is a network alias that can be used to reference to this container in the compose stack. The other alias, which is hash, can also be used. But it is definitely not as simple and memorable as using the names defined in the docker-compose.yaml file.