C# 将数据导出到Excel汇总
在asp.net中导出Excel有两种方法,一种是将导出的文件存放在服务器某个文件夹下面,然后将文件地址输出在浏览器上;一种是将文件直接将文件输出流写给浏览器。在Response输出时,t分隔的数据,导出Excel时,等价于分列,n等价于换行。
1、将整个html全部输出Excel
此法将html中所有的内容,如按钮,表格,图片等全部输出到Excel中。
Response.Clear(); Response.Buffer= true; Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+".xls"); Response.ContentEncoding=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; this.EnableViewState = false;
这里我们利用了ContentType属性,它默认的属性为text/html,这时将输出为超文本,即我们常见的网页格式到客户端,如果改为ms-excel将将输出excel格式,也就是说以电子表格的格式输出到客户端,这时浏览器将提示你下载保存。ContentType的属性还包括:image/JPEG;text/HTML;image/GIF;vnd.ms-excel/msword
。同理,我们也可以输出(导出)图片、word文档等。下面的方法,也均用了这个属性。
2、将DataGrid控件中的数据导出Excel (指定控件导出方式,这里我以DataGrid为例子,大家可以使用任意控件)
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System.Web.UI.Control ctl=this.DataGrid1; //DataGrid1是你在窗体中拖放的控件 HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls"); HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8"; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding =System.Text.Encoding.Default; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType ="application/ms-excel"; ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false; System.IO.StringWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ; System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw); ctl.RenderControl(hw); HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString()); HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
如果你的DataGrid用了分页,它导出的是当前页的信息,也就是它导出的是DataGrid中显示的信息。而不是你select语句的全部信息。
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public void DGToExcel(System.Web.UI.Control ctl) { HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls"); HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8"; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding =System.Text.Encoding.Default; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType ="application/ms-excel"; ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false; System.IO.StringWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ; System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw); ctl.RenderControl(hw); HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString()); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); }
用法:DGToExcel(datagrid1);
3、将DataSet中的数据导出Excel
有了上边的思路,就是将在导出的信息,输出(Response)客户端,这样就可以导出了。那么把DataSet中的数据导出,也就是把DataSet中的表中的各行信息,以ms-excel的格式Response到http流,这样就OK了。说明:参数ds应为填充有数据表的DataSet,文件名是全名,包括后缀名,如Excel2006.xls
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public void CreateExcel(DataSet ds,string FileName) { HttpResponse resp; resp = Page.Response; resp.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312"); resp.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+FileName); string colHeaders= "", ls_item=""; //定义表对象与行对象,同时用DataSet对其值进行初始化 DataTable dt=ds.Tables[0]; DataRow[] myRow=dt.Select();//可以类似dt.Select("id>10")之形式达到数据筛选目的 int i=0; int cl=dt.Columns.Count; //取得数据表各列标题,各标题之间以t分割,最后一个列标题后加回车符 for(i=0;i<cl;i++) { if(i==(cl-1))//最后一列,加n { colHeaders +=dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString() +"n"; } else { colHeaders+=dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString()+"t"; } } resp.Write(colHeaders); //向HTTP输出流中写入取得的数据信息 //逐行处理数据 foreach(DataRow row in myRow) { //当前行数据写入HTTP输出流,并且置空ls_item以便下行数据 for(i=0;i<cl;i++) { if(i==(cl-1))//最后一列,加n { ls_item +=row[i].ToString()+"n"; } else { ls_item+=row[i].ToString()+"t"; } } resp.Write(ls_item); ls_item=""; } resp.End(); }
4、将dataview导出excel
若想实现更加富于变化或者行列不规则的excel导出时,可用本法。
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public void OutputExcel(DataView dv,string str) { //dv为要输出到Excel的数据,str为标题名称 GC.Collect(); Application excel;// = new Application(); int rowIndex=4; int colIndex=1; _Workbook xBk; _Worksheet xSt; excel= new ApplicationClass(); xBk = excel.Workbooks.Add(true); xSt = (_Worksheet)xBk.ActiveSheet; // //取得标题 // foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns) { colIndex++; excel.Cells[4,colIndex] = col.ColumnName; xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells[4,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置标题格式为居中对齐 } // //取得表格中的数据 // foreach(DataRowView row in dv) { rowIndex ++; colIndex = 1; foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns) { colIndex ++; if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.DateTime")) { excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = (Convert.ToDateTime(row[col.ColumnName].ToString())).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置日期型的字段格式为居中对齐 } else if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.String")) { excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = "'"+row[col.ColumnName].ToString(); xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置字符型的字段格式为居中对齐 } else { excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = row[col.ColumnName].ToString(); } } } // //加载一个合计行 // int rowSum = rowIndex + 1; int colSum = 2; excel.Cells[rowSum,2] = "合计"; xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).HorizontalAlignment = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter; // //设置选中的部分的颜色 // xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select(); xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Interior.ColorIndex = 19;//设置为浅黄色,共计有56种 // //取得整个报表的标题 // excel.Cells[2,2] = str; // //设置整个报表的标题格式 // xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Bold = true; xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Size = 22; // //设置报表表格为最适应宽度 // xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select(); xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Columns.AutoFit(); // //设置整个报表的标题为跨列居中 // xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).Select(); xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenterAcrossSelection; // //绘制边框 // xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders.LineStyle = 1; xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置左边线加粗 xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[4,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置上边线加粗 xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置右边线加粗 xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置下边线加粗 // //显示效果 // excel.Visible=true; //xSt.Export(Server.MapPath(".")+""+this.xlfile.Text+".xls",SheetExportActionEnum.ssExportActionNone,Microsoft.Office.Interop.OWC.SheetExportFormat.ssExportHTML); xBk.SaveCopyAs(Server.MapPath(".")+""+this.xlfile.Text+".xls"); ds = null; xBk.Close(false, null,null); excel.Quit(); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xBk); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xSt); xBk = null; excel = null; xSt = null; GC.Collect(); string path = Server.MapPath(this.xlfile.Text+".xls"); System.IO.FileInfo file = new System.IO.FileInfo(path); Response.Clear(); Response.Charset="GB2312"; Response.ContentEncoding=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; // 添加头信息,为"文件下载/另存为"对话框指定默认文件名 Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + Server.UrlEncode(file.Name)); // 添加头信息,指定文件大小,让浏览器能够显示下载进度 Response.AddHeader("Content-Length", file.Length.ToString()); // 指定返回的是一个不能被客户端读取的流,必须被下载 Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel"; // 把文件流发送到客户端 Response.WriteFile(file.FullName); // 停止页面的执行 Response.End(); }
二、winForm中导出Excel的方法:
1、方法1:
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SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["conn"]); SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tb1",conn); DataSet ds=new DataSet(); da.Fill(ds,"table1"); DataTable dt=ds.Tables["table1"]; string name=System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["downloadurl"].ToString()+DateTime.Today.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond).Next(10000).ToString()+".csv";//存放到web.config中downloadurl指定的路径,文件格式为当前日期+4位随机数 FileStream fs=new FileStream(name,FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write); StreamWriter sw=new StreamWriter(fs,System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")); sw.WriteLine("自动编号,姓名,年龄"); foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows) { sw.WriteLine(dr["ID"]+","+dr["vName"]+","+dr["iAge"]); } sw.Close(); Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + Server.UrlEncode(name)); Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";// 指定返回的是一个不能被客户端读取的流,必须被下载 Response.WriteFile(name); // 把文件流发送到客户端 Response.End(); public void Out2Excel(string sTableName,string url) { Excel.Application oExcel=new Excel.Application(); Workbooks oBooks; Workbook oBook; Sheets oSheets; Worksheet oSheet; Range oCells; string sFile="",sTemplate=""; // System.Data.DataTable dt=TableOut(sTableName).Tables[0]; sFile=url+"myExcel.xls"; sTemplate=url+"MyTemplate.xls"; // oExcel.Visible=false; oExcel.DisplayAlerts=false; //定义一个新的工作簿 oBooks=oExcel.Workbooks; oBooks.Open(sTemplate,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); oBook=oBooks.get_Item(1); oSheets=oBook.Worksheets; oSheet=(Worksheet)oSheets.get_Item(1); //命名该sheet oSheet.Name="Sheet1"; oCells=oSheet.Cells; //调用dumpdata过程,将数据导入到Excel中去 DumpData(dt,oCells); //保存 oSheet.SaveAs(sFile,Excel.XlFileFormat.xlTemplate,Type.Missing,Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); oBook.Close(false, Type.Missing,Type.Missing); //退出Excel,并且释放调用的COM资源 oExcel.Quit(); GC.Collect(); KillProcess("Excel"); } private void KillProcess(string processName) { System.Diagnostics.Process myproc= new System.Diagnostics.Process(); //得到所有打开的进程 try { foreach (Process thisproc in Process.GetProcessesByName(processName)) { if(!thisproc.CloseMainWindow()) { thisproc.Kill(); } } } catch(Exception Exc) { throw new Exception("",Exc); } }
2、方法2:
protected void ExportExcel() { gridbind(); if(ds1==null) return; string saveFileName=""; // bool fileSaved=false; SaveFileDialog saveDialog=new SaveFileDialog(); saveDialog.DefaultExt ="xls"; saveDialog.Filter="Excel文件|*.xls"; saveDialog.FileName ="Sheet1"; saveDialog.ShowDialog(); saveFileName=saveDialog.FileName; if(saveFileName.IndexOf(":")<0) return; //被点了取消 // excelapp.Workbooks.Open (App.path & 工程进度表.xls) Excel.Application xlApp=new Excel.Application(); object missing=System.Reflection.Missing.Value; if(xlApp==null) { MessageBox.Show("无法创建Excel对象,可能您的机子未安装Excel"); return; } Excel.Workbooks workbooks=xlApp.Workbooks; Excel.Workbook workbook=workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Excel.Worksheet worksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];//取得sheet1 Excel.Range range; string oldCaption=Title_label .Text.Trim (); long totalCount=ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count; long rowRead=0; float percent=0; worksheet.Cells[1,1]=Title_label .Text.Trim (); //写入字段 for(int i=0;i<ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count;i++) { worksheet.Cells[2,i+1]=ds1.Tables[0].Columns.ColumnName; range=(Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[2,i+1]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15; range.Font.Bold = true; } //写入数值 Caption .Visible = true; for(int r=0;r<ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count;r++) { for(int i=0;i<ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count;i++) { worksheet.Cells[r+3,i+1]=ds1.Tables[0].Rows[r]; } rowRead++; percent=((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount; this.Caption.Text= "正在导出数据["+ percent.ToString("0.00") +"%]"; Application.DoEvents(); } worksheet.SaveAs(saveFileName,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing); this.Caption.Visible= false; this.Caption.Text= oldCaption; range=worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[2,1],worksheet.Cells[ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count+2,ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count]); range.BorderAround(Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous,Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin,Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic,null); range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].ColorIndex = Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic; range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].LineStyle =Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous; range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].Weight =Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin; if(ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count>1) { range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].ColorIndex=Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic; } workbook.Close(missing,missing,missing); xlApp.Quit(); }
3.从DataGridView里导出
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/// <summary> /// 常用方法,列之间加\t开。 /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// using System.IO; /// </remarks> /// <param name="dgv"></param> private void DataGridViewToExcel(DataGridView dgv) { SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog(); dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls"; dlg.CheckFileExists = false; dlg.CheckPathExists = false; dlg.FilterIndex = 0; dlg.RestoreDirectory = true; dlg.CreatePrompt = true; dlg.Title = "保存为Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { Stream myStream; myStream = dlg.OpenFile(); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(myStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(-0)); string columnTitle = ""; try { //写入列标题 for (int i = 0; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++) { if (i > 0) { columnTitle += "\t"; } columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText; } sw.WriteLine(columnTitle); //写入列内容 for (int j = 0; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++) { string columnValue = ""; for (int k = 0; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++) { if (k > 0) { columnValue += "\t"; } if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null) columnValue += ""; else columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim(); } sw.WriteLine(columnValue); } sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(e.ToString()); } finally { sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } } }
4.把Excel数据读到DataSet里
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代码 OpenFileDialog dlg = new OpenFileDialog(); dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls"; dlg.CheckFileExists = false; dlg.CheckPathExists = false; dlg.FilterIndex = 0; dlg.RestoreDirectory = true; dlg.Title = "将Excel文件数据导入到DataSet"; dlg.ShowDialog(); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + dlg.FileName.Trim() + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=False;IMEX=1'"; using (OleDbConnection OleConn = new OleDbConnection(strConn)) { OleConn.Open(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]"; OleDbDataAdapter OleDaExcel = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, OleConn); OleDaExcel.Fill(ds); OleConn.Close(); }
三 字符串导出方法
1.一个通用的导出Excel的方法
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View Code /// <summary> /// 导出Execel /// </summary> /// <param name="columnTitle">列名以"\t分隔"如 列2\t列3\t列4</param> /// <param name="resutl">行,要与上面的列对应,列名以"\t分隔"如 列2\t列3\t列4 第行使用\n分隔 </param> private void ToExcel(string columnTitle, string resutl) { SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog(); dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls"; dlg.FilterIndex = 0; dlg.RestoreDirectory = true; dlg.Title = "保存为Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { Stream myStream; myStream = dlg.OpenFile(); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(myStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(-0)); try { //写入列名称 sw.WriteLine(columnTitle); //写入行 sw.WriteLine(resutl); sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(e.ToString()); } finally { sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } } }
四、附注:
虽然都是实现导出excel的功能,但在asp.net和winform的程序中,实现的代码是各不相同的。在asp.net中,是在服务器端读取数据,在服务器端把数据以ms-excel的格式,以Response输出到浏览器(客户端);而在winform中,是把数据读到客户端(因为winform运行端就是客户端),然后调用客户端安装的office组件,将读到的数据写在excel