C++模板基本语法

#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
void myswap(T &a, T &b)
{
   T tmp = a;
   a = b;
   b = tmp;
}

int main()
{
   using namespace std;

   int a = 1;
   int b = 2;
   myswap(a, b);
   cout << "a " << a << endl;
   cout << "b " << b << endl;

   float c = 4;
   float d = 5;
   myswap<float>(c, d);
   cout << "c " << c << endl;
   cout << "d " << d << endl;

   return 0;
}

$ ./a.out         
a 2
b 1
c 5
d 4

函数模板有两种方式：自动类型推导、显示类型指定
模板的目的：提高复用性、将类型参数化