mvc5+ef6+Bootstrap 项目心得--身份验证和权限管理
最近和朋友完成了一个大单子架构是mvc5+ef6+Bootstrap，用的是vs2015，数据库是sql server2014。朋友做的架构，项目完成后觉得很多值得我学习，在这里总结下一些心得。
创建项目一开始删掉App_Start目录下的IdentityConfig.cs和Startup.Auth.cs文件;清空Modle文件夹，Controller文件夹和相应的View; 删除目录下的ApplicationInsights.config文件和Startup.cs文件。（不使用自带的Identity，太多内容不需要）
修改web.config文件（添加<add key="owin:AutomaticAppStartup" value="false"/>不使用Startup.cs文件来启动项目）
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="owin:AutomaticAppStartup" value="false"/> <!--去掉创建项目初的Startup.cs文件的设置-->
</appSettings>
（不用他们是因为自带的这些内容太冗余）
去掉冗余内容正式开始,首先介绍数据库这一块，数据库我们是配置的可以手动生成和修改的
1.在项目目录想创建Migrations文件夹，里面添加Configuration.cs文件
internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<AccountContext>
{
public Configuration()
{
AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
ContextKey = "UserProject.DAL.AccountContext";
}
protected override void Seed(AccountContext context)
{
//base.Seed(context);
}
}
在Model文件夹下添加AccountContext.cs文件
public class AccountContext:DbContext
{
public AccountContext():base("AccountContext") {
}
public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
}
}
<connectionStrings>
<add name="AccountContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\UserProject.mdf;Initial Catalog=UserProject;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
然后 使用vs2015里面的工具-NuGet包管理器-程序包管理控制平台
输入add-migration Initial 按回车，在输入update-database按回车。在App_Data文件夹下就会看到AccountContext数据库了。
2.在Model文件夹下添加User.css文件
public class User
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
public Role Role { get; set; }
}
public enum Role//角色枚举
{ 管理员 = 1, 员工 = 2, 经理 = 3, 总经理 = 4, 董事长 = 5 }
在ViewModel文件夹中添加Account.cs文件
public class Account
{
[Required]
public string Name { get; set; }
[Required]
public string Password { get; set; }
public string RePassword { get; set; }
}
这里推荐创建BaseController之后的Controller就继承它来使用
public class BaseController : Controller
{
public string UserName => User.Identity.Name;
public AccountContext db = new AccountContext();
private User _userInfo = null;
public User CurrentUserInfo
{
get
{
if (_userInfo == null)
{
var user = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserName == UserName);//此处为了不每次访问用户表可以做一个静态类，里面存放用户表信息.
_userInfo = user == null ? null : new User()
{
ID = user.ID,
UserName = user.UserName,
Role = user.Role
};
}
return _userInfo;
}
} //验证角色：获取Action的CustomAttributes，过滤角色
protected override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
{
base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
var authRoleAtt = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(false).SingleOrDefault(att => att is AuthorizeRoleAttribute) as AuthorizeRoleAttribute;
if (authRoleAtt == null && CurrentUserInfo != null)
return;
if (!authRoleAtt.Roles.Contains(CurrentUserInfo.Role))
{
filterContext.Result = View("NoPermission", "_Layout", "您没有权限访问此功能!");
}
} //这里是记log用
protected override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
{
base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
var msg = $"用户: {CurrentUserInfo?.UserName}, 链接: {Request.Url}";
if (Request.HttpMethod == "POST")
msg += $", 数据: {HttpUtility.UrlDecode(Request.Form.ToString())}";
//Log.Debug(msg);
}
}
AdminController继承BaseController
[Authorize]
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View(db.Users.ToList());
}
[Authorize, AuthorizeRole(Role.管理员)]
public ActionResult Details(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
}
User user = db.Users.Find(id);
if (user == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
return View(user);
}
登录页面：
@model UserProject.ViewModels.Account
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Login";
}
@using (Html.BeginForm("Login", "Admin",FormMethod.Post, new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form" })) {
@Html.AntiForgeryToken()
<hr />
@Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
<div class="form-group">
@Html.LabelFor(m => m.Name, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
<div class="col-md-10">
@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Name, new { @class = "form-control" })
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Name, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
@Html.LabelFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
<div class="col-md-10">
@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "form-control" })
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Password, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
<input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary" />
</div>
</div>
}
登录的Action：
[AllowAnonymous]
public ActionResult Login()
{
return View();
}
[HttpPost, AllowAnonymous]
public ActionResult Login(Account model)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
var user = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(t => t.UserName == model.Name && t.Password == model.Password);
if (user != null)
{
FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(model.Name, false);//将用户名放入Cookie中
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
else
{
ModelState.AddModelError("Name", "用户名不存在!");
}
}
return View(model);
}
public ActionResult LogOff()
{
FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
return RedirectToAction("Login");
}
按照以上方式 访问Details这个Action的时候必须是管理员角色。
此仅仅是测试项目，作为完成私活的部分知识点的总结。
