[go学习笔记]九、go语言中的字符串
字符串
- string是数据类型,不是引用或者指针类型
- string是只读的byte slice,len函数可以获取他所有的byte数量
- string的byte数组可以存放任何数据
func TestString(t *testing.T) {
var s string
t.Log(s) //初始化为默认零值""
s = "hello"
t.Log(len(s))
//s[1] = '3' //string是不可变的byte slice
s = "\xE4\xB8\xA5"
t.Log(s)
t.Log(len(s))
//s = "中"
//t.Log(len(s))
//c := []rune(s)
//t.Log("rune size:", unsafe.Sizeof(c[0]))
//t.Logf("中 unicode %x", c[0])
//t.Logf("中 utf8 %x", s)
}
输出
=== RUN TestString
--- PASS: TestString (0.00s)
string_test.go:9:
string_test.go:11: 5
string_test.go:14: 严
string_test.go:15: 3
PASS
Process finished with exit code 0
注意:len获取的string的byte个数,不是字符数
Unicode UTF8
- Unicode是一种字符集(code point)
- UTF8是unicode的存储实现(转换为字节序列的规则)
编码与存储
字符 | “中” |
---|---|
Unicode | 0x4E2D |
UTF-8 | 0x4EB8AD |
string/[]byte | [0xE4,0xB8,0xAD] |
常用字符串函数
- string包(https://golang.org/pkg/strings/)
- strconv包(https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/)
func TestStringToRune(t *testing.T) {
s := "中华人民共和国"
for _, c := range s {
t.Logf("%[1]c %[1]d", c)
}
}
输出
=== RUN TestStringToRune
--- PASS: TestStringToRune (0.00s)
string_test.go:28: 中 20013
string_test.go:28: 华 21326
string_test.go:28: 人 20154
string_test.go:28: 民 27665
string_test.go:28: 共 20849
string_test.go:28: 和 21644
string_test.go:28: 国 22269
PASS
Process finished with exit code 0
转换
func TestConv(t *testing.T) {
s := strconv.Itoa(10)
t.Log("str:" + s)
if i,err:=strconv.Atoi("10");err==nil{
t.Log(10+ i)
}
}
=== RUN TestConv
--- PASS: TestConv (0.00s)
string_fun_test.go:20: str:10
string_fun_test.go:22: 20
PASS
Process finished with exit code 0