spring mvc(2) spring mvc初体验
前面讲到随着前端技术的发展,web的开发已经实现了前后分离,并且spring mvc经过多个版本的更新,使用上也变得不一样,并且提供了很多便捷的功能。但是为了便于理解,我们使用比较原始的方式搭建spring mvc环境(只是用于理解spring mvc工作模式,不必实践,现在比较流行的使用spring boot和注解,后面会讲)。
1.创建一个web项目
2.引入spring framework相关jar包
3.配置web.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" 4 id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"> 5 <display-name>FirstSpringMVCProj</display-name> 6 <servlet> 7 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> 8 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 9 <init-param> 10 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 11 <!-- 设置SpringMVC配置文件的位置,注意该位置默认是src文件夹下 --> 12 <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> 13 </init-param> 14 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 15 </servlet> 16 <servlet-mapping> 17 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> 18 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 19 </servlet-mapping> 20 <welcome-file-list> 21 <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 22 </welcome-file-list> 23 </web-app>
4.配置springmvc.xml配置文件
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> 3 <beans> 4 <bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping" 5 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> 6 <property name="mappings"> 7 <props> 8 <prop key="/index">indexController</prop> 9 </props> 10 </property> 11 </bean> 12 <bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean> 13 </beans>
5.创建controller
1 package controller; 2 3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 5 6 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 7 import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; 8 9 public class IndexController implements Controller { 10 public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { 11 ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index.jsp"); 12 mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC"); 13 return mav; 14 } 15 }
6.创建index.jsp
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 2 pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%> 3 4 <h1>${message}</h1>
启动项目后,我们通过浏览器访问 /index,就会显示如下页面,也就实现了spring mvc 最初的 controller mode view 分离。