java 多线程:Thread 并发线程: 方法同步synchronized关键字,与static的结合

1、方法内的变量是安全的

方法内定义的变量,每个变量对应单独的内存变量地址,多个线程之间相互不影响。多个线程之间的变量根本没有一毛钱关系

public class ThreadFuncVarSafe {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = () -> {
            String tmp ;
            String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            if("A".equals(currentThreadName)){
                tmp = "I am A";
            }else {
                tmp = "I am B";
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread Name:" + currentThreadName + ",  func_var is:" + tmp);
        };
        Thread threadA = new Thread(r,"A");
        Thread threadB = new Thread(r,"B");
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

 

 2、实体变量线程不安全

/**
 * @ClassName ThreadsClassVarNotSafe
 * @projectName: object1
 * @author: Zhangmingda
 * @description: XXX
 * date: 2021/4/22.
 */
public class ThreadsClassVarNotSafe {
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
        private String tmp;
        @Override
        public void run() {
            String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            if("A".equals(currentThreadName)){
                tmp = "I am A";
            }else {
                tmp = "I am B";
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread Name:" + currentThreadName + ",  func_var is:" + tmp);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new MyRunnable();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(r,"A");     //同一个实体对象,最后输出被后执行的覆盖两个线程最后输出的结果一样都为A,或者都为B
        Thread threadB = new Thread(r,"B");     //同一个实体对象,最后输出被后执行的覆盖两个线程最后输出的结果一样都为A,或者都为B
//        Thread threadA = new Thread(new MyRunnable(),"A");//这种是不同的实体对象,相互无影响
//        Thread threadB = new Thread(new MyRunnable(),"B");//这种是不同的实体对象,相互无影响
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

 

...方法安全...

 3、方法用synchronized关键字修饰方法(方法安全),多线程遇到同一个对象的该方法变串行

同一个实体对象,对实体的方法加锁,多个线程调用同一个实体对象的 安全方法

/**
 * @ClassName ThreadsClassVarNotSafe
 * @projectName: object1
 * @author: Zhangmingda
 * @description: XXX
 * date: 2021/4/22.
 */
public class ThreadsFuncSafe {
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
        private String tmp;

        @Override
        public synchronized void run() {
            String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            if("A".equals(currentThreadName)){
                tmp = "I am A";
            }else {
                tmp = "I am B";
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread Name:" + currentThreadName + ",  func_var is:" + tmp);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new MyRunnable();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(r,"A");     //同一个实体对象,MyRunnable类run方法被synchronized修饰,只能一个线程持有run()方法执行权限,两个线程运行到run()变串行
        Thread threadB = new Thread(r,"B");     //同一个实体对象,MyRunnable类run方法被synchronized修饰,只能一个线程持有run()方法执行权限,两个线程运行到run()变串行
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

 

 4、多个实例多个锁,每个实例独立变量对象互不影响;实例外变量则有影响

示例:1、每个实例独立变量对象互不影响

/**
 * @ClassName ThreadsClassVarNotSafe
 * @projectName: object1
 * @author: Zhangmingda
 * @description: XXX
 * date: 2021/4/22.
 */
public class ThreadsMultiObjectVarSafe {
    private static class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
        private String tmp;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            if("A".equals(currentThreadName)){
                tmp = "I am A";
            }else {
                tmp = "I am B";
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread Name:" + currentThreadName + ",  func_var is:" + tmp);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new MyRunnable(),"A");     //不同实体对象,方法无synchronized,变量独立互不影响
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new MyRunnable(),"B");     //不同实体对象,方法无synchronized,变量独立互不影响
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

 

 示例:2、多个线程实例修改实例外变量,不安全

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @ClassName ThreadsMultiObjectOutofVarNotSafe
 * @projectName: object1
 * @author: Zhangmingda
 * @description: XXX
 * date: 2021/4/22.
 */
public class ThreadsMultiObjectOutofVarNotSafe {
    private static int num = 0;
    private static class MyThread extends Thread{
        @Override
        public synchronized void run() {
            for (int i=0; i<100000; i++){
                num ++;
            }
            System.out.println(getName() + "num:" + num);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<MyThread> threads = new HashSet<>();
        for (int i=0; i<5; i++){
            threads.add(new MyThread());
        }
        threads.forEach(thread ->thread.start());
        /**
         * 等待子线程结束再从main中获取num看值多少
         */
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("main 线程中 sum最终为:" + num); //不足50万
    }
}

运行结果,我们就算加上了synchronized关键字之后,结果依然可能会出现不正确,那是因为我们创建了5个实例,我们的synchronized会锁住当前的对象实例,而我们现在有5个实例,所以,我们多个线程的run方法不会被synchronized相互锁上,所以结果不正确。

5、同步synchronized静态static方法多实例之间安全

示例:多个线程对象调用同一个类实现的对象 的 synchronized修饰的静态static方法。被锁住的对象变为当前的类,而非对象,所以多个线程遇到此类方法顺序进行。

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @ClassName ThreadsMultiObjectOutofVarNotSafe
 * @projectName: object1
 * @author: Zhangmingda
 * @description: XXX
 * date: 2021/4/22.
 */
public class ThreadsMultiObjectStaticFuncSyncSafe {
    private static int num = 0;
    private static class MyThread extends Thread{
        private static synchronized void safeRun(){
            for (int i=0; i<100000; i++){
                num ++;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "   num:" + num);
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            safeRun();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<MyThread> threads = new HashSet<>();
        for (int i=0; i<5; i++){
            threads.add(new MyThread());
        }
        threads.forEach(thread ->thread.start());
        /**
         * 等待子线程结束再从main中获取num看值多少
         */
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("main 线程中 sum最终为:" + num); //不足50万
    }
}

每次的结果都是正确的,是500000,这个是为什么?

因为,我们在static的方法上面加上synchronized之后,锁的钥匙就变成了当前对象的Class属性(MimlThread.class)。class属性在java里面是一个元数据,元数据在JVM中只保存了一份,所以我们对这个class上锁之后,不同的线程调用,会被相互排斥。

6,异常发生的时候,锁会自动释放

如上代码safeRun()方法中num++上抛出异常,不影响其他线程运行。

                if(i >9){throw new RuntimeException();} //测试抛出异常后,是否影响其他线程,结果为 main 线程中 sum最终为:50
                num ++;

 

 

posted on 2021-04-22 13:36  zhangmingda  阅读(378)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

导航