转：HttpClient使用详解
一、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
二、实例
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); String resultString = ""; CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { // 创建uri URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url); if (param != null) { for (String key : param.keySet()) { builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key)); } } URI uri = builder.build(); // 创建http GET请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri); // 执行请求 response = httpclient.execute(httpGet); // 判断返回状态是否为200 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null) { response.close(); } httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } public static String doGet(String url) { return doGet(url, null); } public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 创建Http Post请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 创建参数列表 if (param != null) { List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>(); for (String key : param.keySet()) { paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key))); } // 模拟表单 UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList); httpPost.setEntity(entity); } // 执行http请求 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } public static String doPost(String url) { return doPost(url, null); } public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 创建Http Post请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 创建请求内容 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); httpPost.setEntity(entity); // 执行http请求 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; }
使用HttpClient发送请求的一般步骤
(1) 创建HttpClient对象。
(2)创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
(3) 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
(4) 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
(5) 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
(6) 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
代码如下:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class HttpTest {
protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HttpTest.class); //请求超时时间,这个时间定义了socket读数据的超时时间，也就是连接到服务器之后到从服务器获取响应数据需要等待的时间,发生超时，会抛出SocketTimeoutException异常。 private static final int SOCKET_TIME_OUT = 60000; //连接超时时间,这个时间定义了通过网络与服务器建立连接的超时时间，也就是取得了连接池中的某个连接之后到接通目标url的连接等待时间。发生超时，会抛出ConnectionTimeoutException异常 private static final int CONNECT_TIME_OUT = 60000; private static List<NameValuePair> createParam(Map<String, Object> param) { //建立一个NameValuePair数组，用于存储欲传送的参数 List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>(); if(param != null) { for(String k : param.keySet()) { nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(k, param.get(k).toString())); } } return nvps; } /** * 发送 post 请求 * @param url 请求地址，如 http://www.baidu.com * @param param相关参数, 模拟form 提交 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String postForAPP(String url, String sMethod, Map<String, Object> param, Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception { //目前HttpClient最新版的实现类为CloseableHttpClient CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; HttpEntity entity=null; try { if(param != null) { //建立Request的对象，一般用目标url来构造，Request一般配置addHeader、setEntity、setConfig HttpPost req = new HttpPost(url); entity=new UrlEncodedFormEntity(createParam(param), Consts.UTF_8); //setHeader,添加头文件 Set<String> keys = headers.keySet(); for (String key : keys) { req.setHeader(key, headers.get(key).toString()); } //setConfig,添加配置,如设置请求超时时间,连接超时时间 RequestConfig reqConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(SOCKET_TIME_OUT).setConnectTimeout(CONNECT_TIME_OUT).build(); req.setConfig(reqConfig); //setEntity,添加内容 req.setEntity(entity); //执行Request请求,CloseableHttpClient的execute方法返回的response都是CloseableHttpResponse类型 //其常用方法有getFirstHeader(String)、getLastHeader(String)、headerIterator（String）取得某个Header name对应的迭代器、getAllHeaders()、getEntity、getStatus等 response = client.execute(req); entity = response.getEntity(); //用EntityUtils.toString()这个静态方法将HttpEntity转换成字符串,防止服务器返回的数据带有中文,所以在转换的时候将字符集指定成utf-8就可以了 String result= EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); logger.error("-------------------------"+result+"-------------"); if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){ logger.error(result+"-----------success------------------"); return result; }else{ logger.error(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()+"------------------fail-----------"); return null; } } return null; } catch(Exception e) { logger.error("--------------------------post error: ", e); throw new Exception(); }finally{ //一定要记得把entity fully consume掉，否则连接池中的connection就会一直处于占用状态 EntityUtils.consume(entity); logger.error("---------------------------finally-------------"); System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------"); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Map<String, Object> param=new HashMap<String, Object>(); param.put("pdata", "mm"); Map<String, Object> headers=new HashMap<String, Object>(); headers.put("appid", "mm"); postForAPP("http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-httpclient/greeting", "aa", param, headers); }
