自动化运维工具Ansible之Tests测验详解

 

Ansible Tests 详解与使用案例

 

主机规划

 

添加用户账号

说明:

1、 运维人员使用的登录账号;

2、 所有的业务都放在 /app/ 下「yun用户的家目录」,避免业务数据乱放;

3、 该用户也被 ansible 使用,因为几乎所有的生产环境都是禁止 root 远程登录的(因此该 yun 用户也进行了 sudo 提权)。

1 # 使用一个专门的用户,避免直接使用root用户
2 # 添加用户、指定家目录并指定用户密码
3 # sudo提权
4 # 让其它普通用户可以进入该目录查看信息
5 useradd -u 1050 -d /app yun && echo '123456' | /usr/bin/passwd --stdin yun
6 echo "yun  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL" >>  /etc/sudoers
7 chmod 755 /app/

 

Ansible 配置清单Inventory

之后文章都是如下主机配置清单

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_info]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_info]$ cat hosts_key 
 4 # 方式1、主机 + 端口 + 密钥
 5 [manageservers]
 6 172.16.1.180:22
 7 
 8 [proxyservers]
 9 172.16.1.18[1:2]:22
10 
11 # 方式2:别名 + 主机 + 端口 + 密码
12 [webservers]
13 web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.183 ansible_ssh_port=22
14 web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.184 ansible_ssh_port=22
15 web03 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.185 ansible_ssh_port=22

 

Tests 概述

Tests 在 Jinja 中是一种评估模板表达式,并最终返回 True 或 False。Jinja 中就有自带的 Tests 清单,具体地址如下:

http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/jinja2/templates.html#builtin-tests

 

tests 和 filters 的主要区别在于Jinja tests 用于比较,而 filters 用于数据操作,两者在Jinja中有不同的应用。

与所有模板一样,tests 总是在 Ansible 控制机上执行,而不是在任务的目标机上,因为它们测验本地数据。

除了 Jinja2 tests 之外,Ansible还提供了一些 tests,用户也可以轻松创建自己的 tests。

测验字符串

若要将字符串与子字符串或正则表达式匹配,请使用「match」、「search」或「regex」过滤。

match:必须有开头匹配

search:子串匹配

regex:正则匹配

示例:

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_str.yml 
 4 ---
 5 
 6 - hosts: manageservers
 7   vars:
 8     url: "http://example.com/users/foo/resources/bar"
 9 
10   tasks:
11     - debug:
12         msg: "matched pattern 1-1"
13       when: url is match("http://example.com/users/.*/resources/.*") # True
14 
15     - debug:
16         msg: "matched pattern 1-2"
17       when: url is match("http://example.com") # True
18 
19     - debug:
20         msg: "matched pattern 1-3"
21       when: url is match(".*://example.com") # True
22 
23     - debug:
24         msg: "matched pattern 1-4"
25       when: url is match("example.com/users/.*/resources/.*") # False
26 
27     - debug:
28         msg: "matched pattern 2-1"
29       when: url is search("/users/.*/resources/.*") # True
30 
31     - debug:
32         msg: "matched pattern 2-2"
33       when: url is search("/users/") # True
34 
35     - debug:
36         msg: "matched pattern 2-3"
37       when: url is search("/user/") # False
38 
39     - debug:
40         msg: "matched pattern 3"
41       when: url is regex("example.com/\w+/foo") # True
42 
43 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_str.yml  # 注意查看执行

 

测验版本比较

使用「version」,用于版本号比较。

「version」接受的运算符如下:

<, lt, <=, le, >, gt, >=, ge, ==, =, eq, !=, <>, ne

 

「version」也可以接受「strict」参数,这个参数默认值为「False」,如果设置为「True」则ansible会进行更严格的版本检查:

{{ sample_version_var is version('1.0', operator='lt', strict=True) }}

 

示例:

 1 # 判断 ansible_python_version 版本是否 大于等于 2.7.3
 2 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 3 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 4 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ll
 5 total 8
 6 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun  35 Sep 12 15:14 file
 7 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yun yun 209 Sep 12 15:08 tests_version.yml
 8 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat file/tests_version.conf.j2   # 涉及文件
 9 # Jinja2 版本测验
10 
11 {% if ansible_python_version is version('2.7.3', '>=') %}
12 result True. ansible_python_version = {{ ansible_python_version }}
13 {% else %}
14 result False
15 {% endif %}
16 
17 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_version.yml  # 涉及的playbook文件
18 ---
19 # ansible tests Version Comparison
20 
21 - hosts: proxyservers
22 
23   tasks:
24     - name: "Tests Version Comparison"
25       template:
26         src: ./file/tests_version.conf.j2
27         dest: /tmp/tests_version.conf
28 
29 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_version.yml   # 执行

 

测验子集和超集

关键字「superset」和「subset」,用于测验一个列表是否包含被包含于另一个列表

示例:

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_set.yml 
 4 ---
 5 # tests 子集和超集
 6 - hosts: manageservers
 7 
 8   vars:
 9     a: [1,2,3,4,5]
10     b: [2,3]
11   tasks:
12     - debug:
13         msg: "A includes B"
14       when: a is superset(b)
15 
16     - debug:
17         msg: "B is included in A"
18       when: b is subset(a)
19 
20 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_set.yml  # 注意查看执行

 

测验列表真假

关键字「all」和「any」,用于检查列表里元素的真假,列表中所有为真或者任何一个为真。

all:一假则假

any:一真则真

 

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_list.yml 
 4 ---
 5 #  tests 测验 all any
 6 - hosts: manageservers
 7 
 8   vars:
 9     mylist:
10       - 1
11       - "{{ 3 == 3 }}"
12       - True
13     myotherlist:
14       - False
15       - True
16 
17   tasks:
18     - debug:
19         msg: "all are true!"
20       when: mylist is all
21 
22     - debug:
23         msg: "at least one is true"
24       when: myotherlist is any
25 
26 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_list.yml  # 注意查看执行

  

测验文件或目录

用于测验目录、文件、软连接、是否已存在、是相对路径还是绝对路径等等。

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_path.yml 
 4 ---
 5 - hosts: manageservers
 6 
 7   vars:
 8     # - mypath: /tmp/
 9     - mypath: /tmp/yum_hard.sh
10     - path2: /tmp/
11     # - path2: /tmp/yum_hard_2.sh
12 
13   tasks:
14     - debug:
15         msg: "path is a directory"
16       when: mypath is directory
17 
18     - debug:
19         msg: "path is a file"
20       when: mypath is file
21 
22     - debug:
23         msg: "path is a symlink"
24       when: mypath is link
25 
26     - debug:
27         msg: "path already exists"
28       when: mypath is exists
29 
30     - debug:
31         msg: "path is {{ (mypath is abs)|ternary('absolute','relative')}}"
32 
33     - debug:
34         msg: "path is the same file as path2"
35       when: mypath is same_file(path2)
36 
37     - debug:
38         msg: "path is a mount"
39       when: mypath is mount
40 
41 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_path.yml  # 注意查看执行

 

测验任务执行结果

对任务执行结果进行测验。

 1 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ pwd
 2 /app/ansible_info/ansi_tests
 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ cat tests_result.yml 
 4 ---
 5 - hosts: 172.16.1.180
 6 
 7   ## 对如下3种情况一次测验
 8   tasks:
 9     - shell: /usr/bin/foo
10     #- shell: /usr/bin/true
11     #- shell: /usr/bin/false
12       register: result
13       ignore_errors: True
14 
15     - debug:
16         msg: "{{ result }}"
17 
18     - debug:
19         msg: "it failed"
20       when: result is failed
21 
22     # in most cases you'll want a handler, but if you want to do something right now, this is nice
23     - debug:
24         msg: "it changed"
25       when: result is changed
26 
27     - debug:
28         msg: "it succeeded in Ansible >= 2.1"
29       when: result is succeeded
30 
31     - debug:
32         msg: "it succeeded"
33       when: result is success
34 
35     - debug:
36         msg: "it was skipped"
37       when: result is skipped
38 
39 [yun@ansi-manager ansi_tests]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key tests_result.yml  # 注意查看执行

 

 


 

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posted on 2020-05-07 23:47  踏歌行666  阅读(1353)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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