验证码
验证码大家都知道,它的作用也不用我多说了吧。如果不太清楚请参见百度百科中的解释,一般验证码的生成就是随机产生字符(数字、字母或者汉字等),然后将这些生成的字符绘制成一张图片,再在图片上加上一些干扰元素,如各种线条之类的。好了废话不多说一起往下看:
简单的登录页面(代码并不完整,只有验证码部分)
通过session.getAttribute("rand"),获得生成的验证码,然后跟用户输入的进行比较,再根据比较结果做相应的处理。
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>验证码</title>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- <span style="white-space:pre"></span><span style="white-space:pre"> </span> //刷新验证码的js函数
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>function changeCode() {
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>var imgNode = document.getElementById("vimg");
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//重新加载验证码,达到刷新的目的
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>imgNode.src = "servlet/AuthImageServlet?t=" + Math.random(); // 防止浏览器缓存的问题
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form action="checkServlet" method="post">
- <label>输入验证码</label><br/>
- <input type="text" name="randomCode"/><img id="vimg" title="点击更换" onclick="changeCode();" src="servlet/AuthImageServlet"><br/>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
通过servlet生成验证码:
- package com.util.servlet;
- import java.awt.Color;
- import java.awt.Font;
- import java.awt.Graphics;
- import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Random;
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- public class AuthImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=gb2312";
- //设置字母的大小,大小
- private Font mFont = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 17);
- public void init() throws ServletException
- {
- super.init();
- }
- Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc)
- {
- Random random = new Random();
- if(fc>255) fc=255;
- if(bc>255) bc=255;
- int r=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
- int g=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
- int b=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
- return new Color(r,g,b);
- }
- public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
- response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
- response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
- //表明生成的响应是图片
- response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
- int width=100, height=18;
- BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
- Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
- Random random = new Random();
- g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
- g.fillRect(1, 1, width-1, height-1);
- g.setColor(new Color(102,102,102));
- g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
- g.setFont(mFont);
- g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
- //画随机线
- for (int i=0;i<155;i++)
- {
- int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
- int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
- int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
- int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
- g.drawLine(x,y,x + xl,y + yl);
- }
- //从另一方向画随机线
- for (int i = 0;i < 70;i++)
- {
- int x = random.nextInt(width - 1);
- int y = random.nextInt(height - 1);
- int xl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
- int yl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
- g.drawLine(x,y,x - xl,y - yl);
- }
- //生成随机数,并将随机数字转换为字母
- String sRand="";
- for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
- {
- int itmp = random.nextInt(26) + 65;
- char ctmp = (char)itmp;
- sRand += String.valueOf(ctmp);
- g.setColor(new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
- g.drawString(String.valueOf(ctmp),15*i+10,16);
- }
- HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
- session.setAttribute("rand",sRand);
- g.dispose();
- ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
- }
- }
web.xml中的servlet配置信息:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>AuthImageServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.util.servlet.AuthImageServlet</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>AuthImageServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/AuthImageServlet</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- </web-app>
就这样验证码的功能就实现了,很简单、很实用。当然还有更加美观,更加严密的方式,有兴趣的朋友可以深入研究。这里就跟大家分享一个比较简单的方式。欢迎各位批评指正。
每天学习一点点,你就进步一点点。