静态嵌套类(Static Nested Class)和内部类(Inner Class)的不同?
答:
Static Nested Class是被声明为静态(static)的内部类,它可以不依赖于外部类实例被实例化。而通常的内部类需要在外部类实例化后才能实例化,其语法看起来挺诡异的,如下所示。
/**
* 扑克类(一副扑克)
* @author 骆昊
*
*/
public class Poker {
private static String[] suites = {"黑桃", "红桃", "草花", "方块"};
private static int[] faces = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13};
private Card[] cards;
/**
* 构造器
*
*/
public Poker() {
cards = new Card[52];
for(int i = 0; i < suites.length; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < faces.length; j++) {
cards[i * 13 + j] = new Card(suites[i], faces[j]);
}
}
}
/**
* 洗牌 (随机乱序)
*
*/
public void shuffle() {
for(int i = 0, len = cards.length; i < len; i++) {
int index = (int) (Math.random() * len);
Card temp = cards[index];
cards[index] = cards[i];
cards[i] = temp;
}
}
/**
* 发牌
* @param index 发牌的位置
*
*/
public Card deal(int index) {
return cards[index];
}
/**
* 卡片类(一张扑克)
* [内部类]
* @author 骆昊
*
*/
public class Card {
private String suite; // 花色
private int face; // 点数
public Card(String suite, int face) {
this.suite = suite;
this.face = face;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String faceStr = "";
switch(face) {
case 1: faceStr = "A"; break;
case 11: faceStr = "J"; break;
case 12: faceStr = "Q"; break;
case 13: faceStr = "K"; break;
default: faceStr = String.valueOf(face);
}
return suite + faceStr;
}
}
}
测试代码:
class PokerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Poker poker = new Poker();
poker.shuffle(); // 洗牌
Poker.Card c1 = poker.deal(0); // 发第一张牌
// 对于非静态内部类Card
// 只有通过其外部类Poker对象才能创建Card对象
Poker.Card c2 = poker.new Card("红心", 1); // 自己创建一张牌
System.out.println(c1); // 洗牌后的第一张
System.out.println(c2); // 打印: 红心A
}
}
面试题 - 下面的代码哪些地方会产生编译错误?
class Outer {
class Inner {}
public static void foo() { new Inner(); }
public void bar() { new Inner(); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Inner();
}
}
注意:Java中非静态内部类对象的创建要依赖其外部类对象,上面的面试题中foo和main方法都是静态方法,静态方法中没有this,也就是说没有所谓的外部类对象,因此无法创建内部类对象,如果要在静态方法中创建内部类对象,可以这样做:
new Outer().new Inner();