并发编程大师系列之:CountDownLatch和Join
业务场景描述:假设一条流水线上有三个工作者:worker1,worker2,worker3。有一个任务的完成需要他们三者协作完成,worker3可以开始这个任务的前提是worker1和worker2完成了他们的工作,而worker1和worker2是可以并行他们各自的工作的。
1.join实现
public class CountDownLatchAndJoin { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 三个独立的工人线程 worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random()*4000)); worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random()*4000)); worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random()*4000)); // worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", 6000); // worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", 5000); // worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", 5000); worker1.start(); worker2.start(); worker1.join(); worker2.join(); System.out.println("准备工作就绪..."); worker3.start(); } // 工人类 public static class worker extends Thread { // 名字 private String name; //工作时间 private long time; worker(String name, long time) { this.name = name; this.time = time; } public void run() { try { System.out.println(name + "开始工作"); Thread.sleep(time); System.out.println(name + "工作完成,耗费时间=" + time); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
结果:
worker2开始工作 worker1开始工作 worker1工作完成,耗费时间=601 worker2工作完成,耗费时间=2886 准备工作就绪... worker3开始工作 worker3工作完成,耗费时间=686
可以顺利的完成工作,join的工作原理是,不停检查thread是否存活,如果存活则让当前线程永远wait,直到thread线程终止,线程的notifyAll就会被调用,还可以理解为join就是插队的意思
2.CountDownLatch实现
public class CountDownLatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 初始化计数器为2 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2); // 三个独立的工人线程 worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker1.start(); worker2.start(); // 当计数器不为0的时候均等待 countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println("准备工作就绪..."); worker3.start(); } public static class worker extends Thread { private String name; private long time; private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; worker(String name, long time, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { this.name = name; this.time = time; this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; } public void run() { System.out.println(name + " 开始工作了。。。"); // 减一 countDownLatch.countDown(); System.out.println(name + " 工作完成。。。"); } } }
创建一个计数器为2的 CountDownLatch ,让Worker持有这个CountDownLatch 实例,当完成自己的工作后,调用countDownLatch.countDown() 方法将计数器减1。countDownLatch.await() 方法会一直阻塞直到计数器为0,主线程才会继续往下执行。
运行结果:
worker1 开始工作了。。。
worker1 工作完成。。。
worker2 开始工作了。。。
worker2 工作完成。。。
准备工作就绪...
worker3 开始工作了。。。
worker3 工作完成。。。
从结果上来看,都解决了问题,但是他们的区别在哪里呢?
业务场景:假设worker的工作可以分为两个阶段,work3 只需要等待work1和work2完成他们各自工作的第一个阶段之后就可以开始自己的工作了,而不是场景1中的必须等待work1和work2把他们的工作全部完成之后才能开始。这样join就不可以实现了,应当采用CountDownLatch 来实现。
public class CountDownLatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 初始化计数器为5 CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5); // 三个独立的工人线程 worker worker1 = new worker("worker1", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker2 = new worker("worker2", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker3 = new worker("worker3", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker4 = new worker("worker4", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker5 = new worker("worker5", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker worker6 = new worker("worker6", (long) (Math.random() * 4000), countDownLatch); worker1.start(); worker2.start(); worker3.start(); worker4.start(); worker5.start(); // 当计数器不为0的时候均等待 countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println("准备工作就绪..."); worker6.start(); } public static class worker extends Thread { private String name; private long time; private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; worker(String name, long time, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { this.name = name; this.time = time; this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; } public void run() { try { System.out.println(name + " 工作开始。。。"); Thread.sleep(time); System.out.println(name + " 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:" + time); // 计数器减一 countDownLatch.countDown(); // 假设第二阶段的工作都需要两秒完成 Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(name + " 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:" + (time + 2000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
多运行几次发现:线程6等到前面5个线程的第一阶段全部完成,就开始运行了,运行结果:
worker3 工作开始。。。 worker2 工作开始。。。 worker1 工作开始。。。 worker4 工作开始。。。 worker5 工作开始。。。 worker3 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:1410 worker5 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2022 worker2 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2273 worker1 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:2856 worker3 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:3410 worker4 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:3430 准备工作就绪... worker6 工作开始。。。 worker5 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4022 worker2 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4273 worker1 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:4856 worker4 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:5430 worker6 第一阶段工作完成。。。用时:3773 worker6 第二阶段工作完成。。。用时:5773
总结:调用thread.join() 方法必须等thread 执行完毕,当前线程才能继续往下执行,而CountDownLatch通过计数器提供了更灵活的控制,只要检测到计数器为0当前线程就可以往下执行而不用管相应的thread是否执行完毕。