.Net Core中使用RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是一个开源的,基于AMQP(Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)协议的完整的可复用的企业级消息队,RabbitMQ可以实现点对点,发布订阅等消息处理模式。
RabbitMQ有五种模式
- 简单工作模式（一对一）：一个生产者，一个队列，一个消费者
- 工作模式（一对多）：一个生产者，一个队列，多个消费者
- 发布订阅模式（Fanout）：一个生产者，一个交换机，多个队列，多个消费者，一个消息可以被多个消费者消费
- 路由模式（Direct）：一个生产者，一个交换机，多个队列，多个消费者，key，消息只发送给符合条件的消息队列
- 通配符模式（Topic）：通配符和路由模式类似，路由是匹配Key，通配符是模糊匹配，主要符合模糊匹配条件，都可以收到消息
下面粘贴一下，项目中用到的一些RabbitMQ相关内容。
1、配置文件设置RabbitMQ的URL链接
{ "Logging": { "LogLevel": { "Default": "Information", "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning" } }, "AllowedHosts": "*", "ConnectionStrings": { "MySql": "server=192.168.0.140;port=3306;userid=root;password=1qaz@WSX3edc;database=netsituation", "RedisConnection": "127.0.0.1:6379,defaultDatabase=0" }, "rabbit": { "uri": "amqp://guest:guest@127.0.0.1:5672/" }, "Kestrel": { "EndPoints": { "Http": { "Url": "http://*:8001" } } } }
2、连接字符串类
/// <summary> /// 连接字符串类 /// </summary> public class RabbitOption { public RabbitOption(IConfiguration config) { if (config == null) throw new ArgumentException(nameof(config)); var section = config.GetSection("rabbit"); section.Bind(this); } public string Uri { get; set; } }
3、通过IOC创建单例的RabbitMQ的客户端
/// <summary> /// 通过IOC创建单例的RabbitMQ的客户端 /// </summary> public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions { public static IServiceCollection AddeRabbitMQConnection(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration) { if (services == null) throw new ArgumentException(nameof(services)); if (configuration == null) throw new ArgumentException(nameof(configuration)); var rabbitOption = new RabbitOption(configuration); var factory = new ConnectionFactory { Uri = new Uri(rabbitOption.Uri), AutomaticRecoveryEnabled = true, NetworkRecoveryInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60) }; services.AddSingleton<IRabbitMQPersistentConnection>(x => { var logger = x.GetRequiredService<ILogger<RabbitMQPersistentConnection>>(); return new RabbitMQPersistentConnection(factory, logger); }); return services; } }
4、定义连接RabbitMQ的接口
public interface IRabbitMQPersistentConnection { /// <summary> /// 判断是否连接 /// </summary> bool IsConnected { get; } /// <summary> /// 连接 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> bool TryConnect(); /// <summary> /// 创建模型 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> IModel CreateModel(); }
5、接口实现
public class RabbitMQPersistentConnection : IRabbitMQPersistentConnection { private readonly IConnectionFactory connectionFactory; private readonly ILogger<RabbitMQPersistentConnection> logger; private IConnection connection; private const int RETTRYCOUNT = 6; private static readonly object lockObj = new object(); public static bool IsBreak = false; public RabbitMQPersistentConnection(IConnectionFactory connectionFactory, ILogger<RabbitMQPersistentConnection> logger) { this.connectionFactory = connectionFactory; this.logger = logger; } public bool IsConnected { get { return connection != null && connection.IsOpen; } } public void Cleanup() { try { connection.Dispose(); connection = null; } catch (IOException ex) { logger.LogCritical(ex.ToString()); } } public IModel CreateModel() { if (!IsConnected) { connection.Close(); throw new InvalidOperationException("连接不到rabbitmq"); } return connection.CreateModel(); } public bool TryConnect() { logger.LogInformation("RabbitMQ客户端尝试连接"); lock (lockObj) { if (connection == null) { var policy = Policy.Handle<SocketException>() .Or<BrokerUnreachableException>() .WaitAndRetry(RETTRYCOUNT, retryAttempt => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Math.Pow(2, retryAttempt)), (ex, time) => { logger.LogWarning(ex.ToString()); }); policy.Execute(() => { connection = connectionFactory.CreateConnection(); }); } if (IsConnected) { connection.ConnectionShutdown += OnConnectionShutdown; connection.CallbackException += OnCallbackException; connection.ConnectionBlocked += OnConnectionBlocked; logger.LogInformation($"RabbitMQ{connection.Endpoint.HostName}获取了连接"); return true; } else { logger.LogCritical("无法创建和打开RabbitMQ连接"); return false; } } } private void OnConnectionBlocked(object sender, ConnectionBlockedEventArgs e) { logger.LogWarning("RabbitMQ连接异常,尝试重连..."); Cleanup(); TryConnect(); } private void OnCallbackException(object sender, CallbackExceptionEventArgs e) { logger.LogWarning("RabbitMQ连接异常,尝试重连..."); Cleanup(); TryConnect(); } private void OnConnectionShutdown(object sender, ShutdownEventArgs reason) { logger.LogWarning("RabbitMQ连接异常,尝试重连..."); IsBreak = true; Cleanup(); TryConnect(); } }
6、定义发布消息接口
public interface IMessageService { /// <summary> /// 发送消息(工作队列模式) /// </summary> /// <param name="queueName"></param> /// <param name="body"></param> void SendMessage(string queueName, byte[] body); /// <summary> /// 发送消息（发布订阅模式） /// </summary> /// <param name="exchangeName"></param> /// <param name="body"></param> void SendFanoutMessage(string exchangeName, byte[] body); }
7、实现发布消息接口
/// <summary> /// RabbitMQ实现 /// </summary> public class MessageService : IMessageService { private readonly IRabbitMQPersistentConnection rabbitMQPersistentConnection; public MessageService(IRabbitMQPersistentConnection rabbitMQPersistentConnection) { this.rabbitMQPersistentConnection = rabbitMQPersistentConnection; } public void SendFanoutMessage(string exchangeName,byte[] body) { if (!rabbitMQPersistentConnection.IsConnected) { rabbitMQPersistentConnection.TryConnect(); } using (var channel = rabbitMQPersistentConnection.CreateModel()) { //把交换机设置成Fanout模式 channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Fanout, false, false); var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); properties.Timestamp = new AmqpTimestamp(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds()); properties.Persistent = true; channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, "", properties, body); } } public void SendMessage(string queueName, byte[] body) { if (!rabbitMQPersistentConnection.IsConnected) { rabbitMQPersistentConnection.TryConnect(); } using (var channel = rabbitMQPersistentConnection.CreateModel()) { channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null); var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); properties.Timestamp = new AmqpTimestamp(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeMilliseconds()); properties.Persistent = true; channel.BasicPublish("", queueName, properties, body); } } }
8、RabbitMQ连接参数
/// <summary> /// RabbitMQ连接参数 /// </summary> public class RabbitMQModel { /// <summary> /// 交换机名称 /// </summary> public string ExchangeName = "pvm"; /// <summary> /// 消息队列名称 /// </summary> public string QueueName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 消息内容 /// </summary> public byte[] Body { get; set; } }
9、接收消息（Topic）
public ReceiveCrackConsumer(IRabbitMQPersistentConnection rabbitMQPersistentConnection, ILogger<ReceiveCrackConsumer> logger, IWritableOptions<AppSettings> options, IMessageService msgSrv) { this.logger = logger; this.msgSrv = msgSrv; this.options = options; this.rabbitMQPersistentConnection = rabbitMQPersistentConnection; } public void CrackConsumer() { if (!rabbitMQPersistentConnection.IsConnected) { rabbitMQPersistentConnection.TryConnect(); } consumerchannel = rabbitMQPersistentConnection.CreateModel(); //消息队列名称 string queueName = $"CrackDispatcher_{options.Value.ServiceID}.Data"; consumerchannel.ExchangeDeclare(RabbitMQModel.ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic, true, false); consumerchannel.QueueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false); consumerchannel.QueueBind(queueName, RabbitMQModel.ExchangeName, $"{options.Value.ServiceID}.Data"); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(consumerchannel); consumer.Received += OnConsumerHash; consumerchannel.BasicConsume(queueName, false, consumer); } /// <summary> /// 处理控制信道消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="ea"></param> private void OnConsumerHash(object sender, BasicDeliverEventArgs ea) { try { byte[] message = ea.Body.ToArray(); logger.LogDebug($"接收到信息为:{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message)}"); var msg = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MessageReceive>(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message)); if (msg == null) { logger.LogDebug($"消息为空返回"); return; } if (msg.RabbitMQType == RabbitMQType.TaskPublish) { CrackHashcat(msg.Msg); } else if (msg.RabbitMQType == RabbitMQType.Resume) { Resume(msg.Msg); } else { logger.LogDebug($"未识别消息类型，返回"); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.LogCritical(ex, "异常"); } consumerchannel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false); }
10、RabbitMQ心跳（接收消息的类需要在项目启动的时候调用，并且需要注意，RabbitMQ过段时间会自己断开，断开之后，也需要重新调用接收消息的类）
public class Heartbeat { public Heartbeat(ILogger<Heartbeat> logger, IBlockchainConsumer blockchain, IConnectivityConsumer connectivity, IIOTConsumer iOT, IOutputConsumer output) { Task.Factory.StartNew(async () => { while (true) { try { if (DefaultRabbitMQPersistentConnection.IsBreak) { blockchain.Blockchain(); connectivity.Connectivity(); iOT.IOT(); output.Output(); DefaultRabbitMQPersistentConnection.IsBreak = false; } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.LogError($"Heartbeat error:{ex.Message}"); } await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)); } }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning); } }
