Java8的新特性
一、lambda表达式
参考网址:http://www.importnew.com/16436.html
@Test
public void testlambda(){
//线程
new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Runnable\n")).start();
//事件
JButton show = new JButton("Show");
show.addActionListener((e) -> {
System.out.println("Listener\n");
});
//集合
List features = Arrays.asList("Lambdas", "Default Method", "Stream API", "Date and Time API");
features.forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));
// features.forEach(System.out::println);
//mapReduce
List<Integer> costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
double bill = costBeforeTax.stream().map((cost) -> cost + .12*cost).reduce((sum, cost) -> sum + cost).get();
System.out.println("Total : " + bill + "\n");
Predicate<String> startsWithJ = (n) -> n.startsWith("J");
Predicate<String> fourLetterLong = (n) -> n.length() == 4;
List names = Arrays.asList("Java", "Scala", "C++", "Haskell", "Lisp");
names.stream()
.filter(startsWithJ.and(fourLetterLong))
.forEach((n) -> System.out.print("nName, which starts with 'J' and four letter long is : " + n + "\n"));
//获取数字的个数、最小值、最大值、总和以及平均值
List<Integer> primes = Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29);
IntSummaryStatistics stats = primes.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();
System.out.println("Highest prime number in List : " + stats.getMax());
System.out.println("Lowest prime number in List : " + stats.getMin());
System.out.println("Sum of all prime numbers : " + stats.getSum());
System.out.println("Average of all prime numbers : " + stats.getAverage());
}
二、Stream
参考网址:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-java8streamapi/
stream() : 返回串行流
parallelStream() : 返回并行流
@Test
public void testStream() {
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("1");
list.add("2");
list.add("3");
list.add("4");
list.parallelStream().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
}
三、接口默认方法
public interface Vehicle {
default void print(){
System.out.println("我是一辆车!");
}
}
四、新的Date-Time Api
(1)
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.Month;
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]){
Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testLocalDateTime();
}
public void testLocalDateTime(){
// 获取当前的日期时间
LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("当前时间: " + currentTime);
LocalDate date1 = currentTime.toLocalDate();
System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
Month month = currentTime.getMonth();
int day = currentTime.getDayOfMonth();
int seconds = currentTime.getSecond();
System.out.println("月: " + month +", 日: " + day +", 秒: " + seconds);
LocalDateTime date2 = currentTime.withDayOfMonth(10).withYear(2012);
System.out.println("date2: " + date2);
// 12 december 2014
LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.DECEMBER, 12);
System.out.println("date3: " + date3);
// 22 小时 15 分钟
LocalTime date4 = LocalTime.of(22, 15);
System.out.println("date4: " + date4);
// 解析字符串
LocalTime date5 = LocalTime.parse("20:15:30");
System.out.println("date5: " + date5);
}
}
(2)时区
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]){
Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testZonedDateTime();
}
public void testZonedDateTime(){
// 获取当前时间日期
ZonedDateTime date1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2015-12-03T10:15:30+05:30[Asia/Shanghai]");
System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
ZoneId id = ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
System.out.println("ZoneId: " + id);
ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();
System.out.println("当期时区: " + currentZone);
}
}
五、 内置了 Base64 编码的编码器和解码器
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]){
try {
// 使用基本编码
String base64encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("runoob?java8".getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println("Base64 比那么字符串 (基本) :" + base64encodedString);
// 解码
byte[] base64decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64encodedString);
System.out.println("原始字符串: " + new String(base64decodedBytes, "utf-8"));
base64encodedString = Base64.getUrlEncoder().encodeToString("TutorialsPoint?java8".getBytes("utf-8"));
System.out.println("Base64 编码字符串 (URL) :" + base64encodedString);
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
stringBuilder.append(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
}
byte[] mimeBytes = stringBuilder.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
String mimeEncodedString = Base64.getMimeEncoder().encodeToString(mimeBytes);
System.out.println("Base64 编码字符串 (MIME) :" + mimeEncodedString);
}catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
System.out.println("Error :" + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
六、方法引用
方法引用使用一对冒号 ::
package com.runoob.main;
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
T get();
}
class Car {
//Supplier是jdk1.8的接口,这里和lamda一起使用了
public static Car create(final Supplier<Car> supplier) {
return supplier.get();
}
public static void collide(final Car car) {
System.out.println("Collided " + car.toString());
}
public void follow(final Car another) {
System.out.println("Following the " + another.toString());
}
public void repair() {
System.out.println("Repaired " + this.toString());
}
}
(1)构造器引用:它的语法是Class::new,或者更一般的Class< T >::new实例如下:
final Car car = Car.create( Car::new );
final List< Car > cars = Arrays.asList( car );
(2)静态方法引用:它的语法是Class::static_method,实例如下:
cars.forEach( Car::collide );
(3)特定类的任意对象的方法引用:它的语法是Class::method实例如下:
cars.forEach( Car::repair );
(4)特定对象的方法引用:它的语法是instance::method实例如下:
final Car police = Car.create( Car::new );
cars.forEach( police::follow );
七、函数式接口
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]){
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
// Predicate<Integer> predicate = n -> true
// n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
// n 如果存在则 test 方法返回 true
System.out.println("输出所有数据:");
// 传递参数 n
eval(list, n->true);
// Predicate<Integer> predicate1 = n -> n%2 == 0
// n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
// 如果 n%2 为 0 test 方法返回 true
System.out.println("输出所有偶数:");
eval(list, n-> n%2 == 0 );
// Predicate<Integer> predicate2 = n -> n > 3
// n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
// 如果 n 大于 3 test 方法返回 true
System.out.println("输出大于 3 的所有数字:");
eval(list, n-> n > 3 );
}
public static void eval(List<Integer> list, Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
for(Integer n: list) {
if(predicate.test(n)) {
System.out.println(n + " ");
}
}
}
}
八、Optional 类
Optional 类是一个可以为null的容器对象。如果值存在则isPresent()方法会返回true,调用get()方法会返回该对象。
Optional 是个容器:它可以保存类型T的值,或者仅仅保存null。Optional提供很多有用的方法,这样我们就不用显式进行空值检测。
Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常。
import java.util.Optional;
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]){
Java8Tester java8Tester = new Java8Tester();
Integer value1 = null;
Integer value2 = new Integer(10);
// Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数
Optional<Integer> a = Optional.ofNullable(value1);
// Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null,抛出异常 NullPointerException
Optional<Integer> b = Optional.of(value2);
System.out.println(java8Tester.sum(a,b));
}
public Integer sum(Optional<Integer> a, Optional<Integer> b){
// Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在
System.out.println("第一个参数值存在: " + a.isPresent());
System.out.println("第二个参数值存在: " + b.isPresent());
// Optional.orElse - 如果值存在,返回它,否则返回默认值
Integer value1 = a.orElse(new Integer(0));
//Optional.get - 获取值,值需要存在
Integer value2 = b.get();
return value1 + value2;
}
}