SQLAlchemy

SQLAlchemy 基础

普通操作:

创建表

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Integer, String, Column

Base = declarative_base()


class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, index=True)
    name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)


from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine

engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/SQLAlchemy123?charset=utf8')
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

CRUD (增删改查)

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/SQLAlchemy123?charset=utf8')
# 连接数据库
Session = sessionmaker(engine)
# 实例化连接
db_session = Session()

# 1. 增加数据
from CreateTable import User
# 插入单挑
user = User(name="张飞")
db_session.add(user)
db_session.commit()
# 插入多条
db_session.add_all([User(name="李林"), User(name='悦悦')])
db_session.commit()

db_session.close()

# 2.查询 select * from table
res = db_session.query(User).all()
for user in res:
    print(user.id,user.name)


res = db_session.query(User).first()
print(res.id,res.name)

res = db_session.query(User).filter(User.id == 3).first()
print(res.name)

res = db_session.query(User).filter(User.id <= 2).all()
for u in res:
    print(u.id,u.name)

res = db_session.query(User).filter(User.id == 1 , User.name=="张飞").first()
print(res.name)

# 3.更改数据
# update user set name="" where id=1
res = db_session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 1).update({"name":"DragonFire"})
print(res)
db_session.commit()

res = db_session.query(Users).update({"name":"DragonFire"})
print(res)
db_session.commit()


# 4.删除
# delete from table where id=1
res = db_session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 1).delete()
print(res)
db_session.commit()

res = db_session.query(Users).delete()
print(res)
db_session.commit()

外键 :

创建表

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship

Base = declarative_base()
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey


class Student(Base):
    __tablename__ = "student"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, index=True)
    name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
    # 外键 
    sch_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('school.id'))
    # 用于 正向 插入 查询 backref='sch2stu' 用于反向操作
    stu2sch = relationship('School', backref='sch2stu')


class School(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'school'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, index=True)
    name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)


from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/SQLAlchemy123?charset=utf8")

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

操作

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from CreateTable_ForeignKey import engine

Session = sessionmaker(engine)

db_session = Session()

from CreateTable_ForeignKey import Student, School

# 1.添加数据
#  普通添加
sch = School(name="Beijing")
db_session.add(sch)
db_session.commit()

sch_info = db_session.query(School).filter(School.name == "Beijing").first()
print(sch_info.name)
stu = Student(name="张飞", sch_id=sch_info.id)
db_session.add(stu)
db_session.commit()

db_session.close()

# # 使用 relationship  正向添加
stu = Student(name="李林", stu2sch=School(name="Shanghai"))
db_session.add(stu)
db_session.commit()

# relationship  反向添加
sch = School(name="Tianjin")
sch.sch2stu = [Student(name="娃娃"), Student(name="阿道夫")]
db_session.add(sch)
db_session.commit()


# # 2.查询
res = db_session.query(Student).all()
for stu in res:
    print(stu.name, stu.stu2sch.name)

res = db_session.query(School).all()
for sch in res:
    for stu in sch.sch2stu:
        print(sch.name, stu.name)

多对多:

创建表

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()

from sqlalchemy import String,Integer,Column,ForeignKey,create_engine
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/sqlalchemy666?charset=utf8")
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship


class Girl(Base):
    __tablename__ = "girls"
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    name=Column(String(32),nullable=False)

    g2b = relationship("Boy",backref="b2g",secondary="hotels")



class Boy(Base):
    __tablename__ = "boys"
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    name=Column(String(32),nullable=False)



class Hotel(Base):
    __tablename__ = "hotels"
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    boy_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey("boys.id"),nullable=False)
    girl_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey("girls.id"),nullable=False)

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

操作表

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

from CreateTableM2M import engine

Session = sessionmaker(engine)
db_session = Session()

from CreateTableM2M import Girl,Boy

# 1.增加数据
# relationship 正向添加
g = Girl(name="赵丽颖",g2b=[Boy(name="DragonFire"),Boy(name="冯绍峰")])
db_session.add(g)
db_session.commit()

# relationship 反向添加
b = Boy(name="AlexDSB")
b.b2g = [Girl(name="罗玉凤"),Girl(name="娟儿"),Girl(name="芙蓉姐姐")]
db_session.add(b)
db_session.commit()

# 2.查询
# relationship 正向
res = db_session.query(Girl).all()
for g in res:
    for b in g.g2b:
        print(g.name,b.name)

# relationship 反向
res = db_session.query(Boy).all()
for b in res:
    for g in b.b2g:
        print(b.name,g.name)高级操作

高级操作

# 高级版查询操作,厉害了哦
# 老规矩
from CreateTable import User, engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Session = sessionmaker(engine)
db_session = Session()

# 查询数据表操作
# and or

from sqlalchemy.sql import and_, or_, desc

ret = db_session.query(User).filter(and_(User.id > 3, User.name == '张飞')).all()
ret = db_session.query(User).filter(or_(User.id < 2, User.name == '李林')).all()

ret = db_session.query(User).filter(
    or_(
        User.id < 2,
        and_(
            User.name == 'eric',
            User.id > 3
        ),
        User.name != ""
    )
)
print(ret)
# select * from User where id<2 or (name="eric" and id>3) or extra != ""

# 查询所有数据
r1 = db_session.query(User).all()

# 查询数据 指定查询数据列 加入别名

r2 = db_session.query(User.name.label('username'), User.id).first()
print(r2.id, r2.username)  # 15 NBDragon

# 表达式筛选条件
r3 = db_session.query(User).filter(User.name == "张飞").all()

# 原生SQL筛选条件
r4 = db_session.query(User).filter_by(name='张飞').all()
r5 = db_session.query(User).filter_by(name='张飞').first()

# 字符串匹配方式筛选条件 并使用 order_by进行排序
r6 = db_session.query(User).order_by(User.name.desc()).all()
for i in r6:
    print(i.id, i.name)

# 原生SQL查询
from sqlalchemy.sql import text

r7 = db_session.query(User).from_statement(text("SELECT * FROM User where name=:name")).params(name='DragonFire').all()

# 筛选查询列
# query的时候我们不在使用User ORM对象,而是使用User.name来对内容进行选取
user_list = db_session.query(User.name).all()
print(user_list)
for row in user_list:
    print(row.name)

# 别名映射  name as nick
user_list = db_session.query(User.name.label("nick")).all()
print(user_list)
for row in user_list:
    print(row.nick)  # 这里要写别名了

# 筛选条件格式
user_list = db_session.query(User).filter(User.name == "张飞").all()
user_list = db_session.query(User).filter(User.name == "张飞").first()
user_list = db_session.query(User).filter_by(name="张飞").first()
for row in user_list:
    print(row.nick)

# 复杂查询
from sqlalchemy.sql import text

user_list = db_session.query(User).filter(text("id<:value and name=:name")).params(value=3, name="张飞")

# 查询语句
from sqlalchemy.sql import text

user_list = db_session.query(User).filter(text("select * from User id<:value and name=:name")).params(value=3,
                                                                                                      name="张飞")

# 排序 :
user_list = db_session.query(User).order_by(User.id).all()
user_list = db_session.query(User).order_by(User.id.desc()).all()
for row in user_list:
    print(row.name, row.id)

# 其他查询条件
"""
ret = session.query(User).filter_by(name='张飞').all()
ret = session.query(User).filter(User.id > 1, User.name == '张飞').all()
ret = session.query(User).filter(User.id.in_(session.query(User.id).filter_by(name='张飞'))).all() 子查询

from sqlalchemy import and_, or_
ret = session.query(User).filter(and_(User.id > 3, User.name == '张飞')).all()
ret = session.query(User).filter(or_(User.id < 2, User.name == '张飞')).all()

# 限制
ret = db_session.query(User)[1:2]

# 排序
ret = db_session.query(User).order_by(User.name.desc()).all()
ret = db_session.query(User).order_by(User.name.desc(), User.id.asc()).all()

# 分组
from sqlalchemy.sql import func

ret = db_session.query(User).group_by(User.extra).all()
ret = db_session.query(
    func.max(User.id),
    func.sum(User.id),
    func.min(User.id)).group_by(User.name).all()

ret = db_session.query(
    func.max(User.id),
    func.sum(User.id),
    func.min(User.id)).group_by(User.name).having(func.min(User.id) >2).all()
"""

# 关闭连接
db_session.close()

ret = db_session.query(User).filter(User.id.between(1, 3)).all()  # between 大于1小于3的
for i in ret:
    print(i.id, i.name)
ret = db_session.query(User).filter(~User.id.in_([1, 4])).all()  # in_([1,3,4]) 只查询id等于1,3,4的
for i in ret:
    print(i.id, i.name)
ret = db_session.query(User).filter(~User.id.in_([1, 3, 4])).all()  # ~xxxx.in_([1,3,4]) 查询不等于1,3,4的
for i in ret:
    print(i.id, i.name)

# 通配符
ret = db_session.query(User).filter(User.name.like('%e%')).all()
for i in ret:
    print(i.id, i.name)

ret = db_session.query(User).filter(~User.name.like('Z%')).all()
for i in ret:
    print(i.id, i.name)

# 高级版更新操作
from CreateTable import User, engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Session = sessionmaker(engine)
db_session = Session()

# 直接修改
db_session.query(User).filter(User.id > 3).update({User.name: User.name + "099"}, synchronize_session=False)
db_session.commit()

db_session.query(User).filter(User.id > 3).update({"name": User.name + "123"}, synchronize_session=False)
db_session.commit()

# 在原有值基础上添加 - 1
db_session.query(User).filter(User.id > 0).update({User.name: User.name + "099"}, synchronize_session=False)

# 在原有值基础上添加 - 2
db_session.query(User).filter(User.id > 0).update({"age": User.age + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate")
db_session.commit()

posted @ 2019-04-22 13:05 拐弯阅读(258) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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SQLAlchemy

SQLAlchemy 基础

普通操作:

外键 :

创建表

多对多:

高级操作

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