(转)cygwin包管理器apt-cyg

通过终端安装apt-cyg之前选要安装以下软件包

wget
tar
gawk
bzip2

Cygwin终端安装

wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg -P /bin
chmod.exe +x /bin/apt-cyg

去googlecode手工下载安装

svn --force export http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ /bin/   
chmod +x /bin/apt-cyg

去github手工下载安装

https://codeload.github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/zip/master
解压到用户目录
mv apt-cyg /bin/
chmod +x /bin/apt-cyg

apt-cyg使用

apt-cyg install : to install packages
apt-cyg remove : to remove packages
apt-cyg update: to update setup.ini
apt-cyg show: to show installed packages
apt-cyg packageof : to locate parent packages
apt-cyg find : to find packages matching patterns
*apt-cyg describe : to describe packages matching patterns</PATTERN(S)></PATTERN(S)>

apt-cyg配置

*配置安装源
apt-cyg -m http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin/

export LANG="zh_CN.GBK"

alias ls="ls --color=auto" 
alias dir="ls --color=auto"

export PS1="\[\e]0;\w\a\]\[\e[32m\]\u@\h:\[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\$ "

alias ..="cd .."

alias ...="cd ..."

 


$ apt-cyg install wget 
You must install wget, tar, gawk, xz and bzip2 to use apt-cyg.

Cygwin使用

常用软件安装
常用工具设置
其他设置
中文乱码设置

技巧收集

Cygwin使用

(转自)http://w.gdu.me/wiki/cygwin/index.html

Update: 2013-01-04

常用软件安装

安装Cygwin时，应安装上：wget, tar, gawk, bzip2, nc, xz, openssh

安装apt-cyg

修改x86/x86_64源、xz压缩包支持的apt-cyg:apt-cyg

#wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg
wget http://w.gdu.me/wiki/files/shell/apt-cyg
chmod +x apt-cyg
mv apt-cyg /usr/local/bin/
apt-cyg --help
cygcheck --help
# 修改软件源
apt-cyg --mirror http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
 
# ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/cygwin
# http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin
# ftp://ftp.ges.redhat.com/private/releng/cygwin-1.8

201308后Cygwin版本变更，需修改apt-cyg(使用上面已修改过的版本即可)

软件源路径变更

2013-08-08后Cygwin分为x86、x86_64两个安装包，源路径也改不同路径(x86、x86_64)，因此apt-cyg下载setup.bz2和setup.ini时发生404错误。

                
                      vim /usr/loccal/bin/apt-cyg
# 将:
wget -N $mirror/setup.bz2
wget -N $mirror/setup.ini
# 改为：
wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.bz2
wget -N $mirror/x86/setup.ini
# 或:
wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.bz2
wget -N $mirror/x86_64/setup.ini

添加xz压缩包支持

            
                  diff apt-cyg apt-cyg.bak
353,358c353
<     echo $file | grep ".xz$" >/dev/null 2>&1
<     if [ "$?" = "0" ];then
<       cat $file | xz -d | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
<     else
<       cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /
<     fi
---
>     cat $file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /

安装常用工具

    
          # apt-cyg install man cygwin-doc
apt-cyg install vim screen wget subversion openssh pwgen gzip bzip2 curl rsync bash-completion \
 lftp nc tree p7zip connect-proxy util-linux bind-utils inetutils

安装python环境

    
          apt-cyg install python python-crypto

安装easy_install

参考：http://atbrox.com/2009/09/21/how-to-get-pipvirtualenvfabric-working-on-cygwin/

#wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
#sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
 
apt-cyg install python-setuptools
 
easy_install pip
pip install moin

常用工具设置

Cygwin终端

~/.minttyrc

        
              BoldAsFont=no
Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
FontHeight=12
#BackgroundColour=0,43,53
BackgroundColour=11,22,33
ForegroundColour=191,191,191
FontSmoothing=full

颜色、字体选择参数

背景颜色：(RGB)0,40,51;或11,22,33(就是这个Wiki页面的背景色)
字体颜色：(RGB)31,148,150(较暗);或191,191,191
目录颜色：(RGB)255,128,128
压缩文件颜色：(RGB)128,128,0

字体：Consolas,Courier New,Fixedsys,YaHei Consolas hybrid

YaHei Consolas hybrid.1.12字体下载：
- YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z
- 百度网盘下载：YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z

bashrc

~/.bashrc

        
              alias grep='grep --color'                     # show differences in colour
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
alias ls='ls -hF --color=tty'                 # classify files in colour
alias ll='ls -la'                             # long list
alias la='ls -A'                              # all but . and ..
alias l='ls -CF'                              #
alias ssh="ssh -S none"

~/.bash_profile

        
              PS1="[\w]$"
#彩色的PS1会造成命令编辑时光标定位错误
#PS1="\e[0;32m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m"

screen设置

    
          

          #
# ~/.screenrc
#
# 启动时不显示欢迎屏幕
startup_message off
 
# 定义screen的功能键为Ctrl-A。向终端输入Ctrl-A时应按 Ctrl-A a。
#escape ^Aa
 
# 屏幕缓冲区 1024 行。
defscrollback 1024
 
# 显示窗口列表
caption always "%-w%{= BW}%50>%n %t%{-}%+w%<"
 
# 按 Ctrl-A w 或 Ctrl-A Ctrl-W 显示窗口列表
bind w windowlist -b
#bind ^w windowlist -b
 
#在使用screen过程中，经常会遇到“闪屏”的问题，这是可以关掉的。
#快速关掉：也就是先输入CTRL + a，再输入CTRL + g。
#永久关闭：修改/etc/screenrc 加入
vbell off

        

  

~/.vimrc

vim没有语法高亮，需加载基本设置

        
              cd /usr/share/vim && cp vim74/vimrc_example.vim vimrc

.vimrc设置

详见：vimrc

    
          

          " ~/.vimrc
set mouse=c
set nobackup
 
" set paste
 
set fileformats=unix,dos,mac
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1
set encoding=utf-8
" set termencoding=cp936
let &termencoding = &encoding
language messages en_US.UTF-8
"language messages zh_CN.UTF-8
 
" colo murphy
 
" tab
set tabstop=4
set cindent shiftwidth=4
set autoindent shiftwidth=4
" TAB -> Space
set expandtab

        

  

~/.ssh/config

    
          

          #ssh_config
#~/.ssh/config
IdentitiesOnly yes
ServerAliveInterval 60
GSSAPIAuthentication no
 
Host m*
    Port 22
    User root
    ControlMaster auto
    ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p
    #ProxyCommand connect-proxy -S 127.0.0.1:2223 %h %p
Host mNagios
    Hostname 172.16.16.150

        

  

其他设置

SSH Server

OS修改环境变量：path增加c:/cygwin/bin
OS增加环境变量：CYGWIN=ntsec tty
Cygwin安裝必要的套件：OpenSSH，cygrunsrv

Change permissions and ownership on some files:

        
              # 以下代码没测试过，慎用
cd /; chmod -R og-w . 
chmod og+w /tmp
touch /var/log/sshd.log 
chown system:system /var/log/sshd.log /var/empty /etc/ssh_h* 
chmod 755 /var/empty

Cygwin設定OpenSSH：

        
              ssh-host-config

    Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) ：yes
    Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) ：yes
    Do you want to install sshd as service? (yes/no) ：yes
    Default is "ntsec" . CYGWIN=ntsec tty

启动OpenSSH：net start sshd

1

cygrunsrv -S sshd
停止OpenSSH：net stop sshd

crontab

在Windows上安装系统服务 cron，开机即运行。

        
              cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D

启动服务

1

cygrunsrv -S cron

nontsec

这在 Cygwin 下创建的文件，其他管理员不可写，是所谓的 ntsec 在起作用。通过 NTFS 的权限设置，模拟 UNIX 的权限。可以通过 CYGWIN 环境变量修改。如：

    
          export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

中文乱码设置

**若存在中文问题才进行以下设置。**

Rethat Cygwin安装后目录中文即正常，以下设置不一定需要。

~/.bashrc

        
              export SVN_EDITOR=vim
 
# Redhat Cygwin中未做以下设置，中文正常
alias ls='ls --color --show-control-chars'
export LESSCHARSET=latin1
alias less='/bin/less -r'
#export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
#export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
#export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
#export OUTPUT_CHARSET="GBK"
 
#stty cs8 -istrip
#stty pass8
 
export CYGWIN="nontsec nosmbntsec"

~/.inputrc

        
              # Allow 8-bit input/output
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set input-meta on
set output-meta on

技巧收集

Howto get version info?

1

cygcheck -c cygwin

查看系统信息、软件包

        
              cygcheck -h #帮助
cygcheck -s #sysinfo
cygcheck -l #已安装包列表
cygcheck -c #列出并校验已安装的包
cygcheck -p vim #从cygwin.com源查询包

给curl安装CA Certificates

        
              curl http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem > /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

同步Windows用户和组

        
              mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd
mkgroup -l > /etc/group
 
# 如果有Domain的话，需要加上-d domainname

设置Cygwin/mintty字体和大小
- 界面中设置：右键菜单->Options->Text，然后选择你喜欢的字体和大小。
- 如果没有你相要的字体，但Windows中有，可修改配置文件：~/.minttyrc，添加以下设置：
```
BoldAsFont=no
#Font=Courier New
Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
FontHeight=12
```
给Cygwin添加more/col/whereis等命令：安装util-linux包:apt-cyg install util-linux
给Cygwin添加telnet/ftp工具:apt-cyg install inetutils
给Cygwin安装dig命令
- 安装bind-utils包:apt-cyg install bind-utils
- 检查系统中已设置好DNS: ipconfig /all
得到Windows格式的路径名?

1

cygpath -d -m "`pwd`"

用Explorer打开当前目录

        
              #!/bin/sh
# openexplorer.sh
d=$1;[ -z "$d" ] && d=$(pwd)
d=$(cd "$d" > /dev/null 2>&1;pwd)
Explorer /e,"$(cygpath -d -w $d)"

Cygwin error: -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9300722/cygwin-error-bash-fork-retry-resource-temporarily-unavailable
http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall

错误现象

-bash-4.1$ wc m1.txt
      3 [main] bash 2216 child_info_fork::abort: data segment start: parent(0x26D000) !=     child(0x38D000)
      -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
      2013930  4027950 74968256 m1.txt

处理办法

rkosegi's Answer seems to be working for everyone (myself included). But, just so you don't have to follow the daisy chain of links:

(assuming Cygwin is installed at C:\cygwin):

1.Open Task Manager and close any processes that look to be Cygwin related.
2.Open C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
3.Verify that dash.exe, ash.exe, rebase.exe, and rebaseall exist in this folder
    - If any of them are missing, re-run Cygwin setup and select the dash, ash, and rebase packages
4.right-click your C:\Cygwin folder, uncheck Read-only (if its checked), and press OK.
    - When an error about not being able to switch some files comes up, select "Ignore All". Wait for this process to complete.
5.Browse to C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
6.Right click dash.exe and click "Run as Administrator". A command Prompt should appear with nothing but a $
7.Type /usr/bin/rebaseall -v, hit enter, and wait for the process to complete.
    - If you get errors about Cygwin processes running, try Step 1 again. If that still doesn't work, Restart your computer into safe mode and try these steps again.
8.Try opening Cygwin again.

This process worked for me. I hope it works for you guys too.

Source: http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall

posted @ 2014-12-10 23:22 aprial 阅读(3327) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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