Linux磁盘分区--MBR分区
今天心情不高兴,做IT不容易被公司重视,一定要速度学会运营,成为一个高逼格的技术男。
今天我要熟练掌握linux系统分区的能力。大家都知道,linux系统分区有两种分区格式:GTP和MBR。
MBR作为传统legacy的bios启动方式被我们经常使用,新老主板bios都支持而且分区简单,操作方便。
1、 MBR特点
① 最多支持4个主分区
② 最大支持2.1tb硬盘
③ 扩展分区一个硬盘只能有一个
2、 mbr结构:
引导占用硬盘开头的512字节,前446字节为引导代码,中间64个字节为4个主分区表信息,最后两个字节为启动标识。
3、 mbr分区实战:
fdisk命令
语法:fdisk [选项] [参数]
选项:-b 指定每个分区大小
-l 列出分区表信息
-v 显示fdisk版本
添加硬盘后,首先使用ll /dev/sd*查看设备是否识别,使用fdisk -l命令列出磁盘信息。
对/dev/sdb进行mbr分区
[root@linux-node2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Command (m for help): m #查看帮助 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n #新建分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) #主分区 e extended #扩展分区 Select (default p): p #选择新建主分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #主分区表示,会生成/dev/sdb1 First sector (2048-6291455, default 2048): #开始扇区,回车默认从2048 Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-6291455, default 6291455): +100M Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set Command (m for help): n #新建分区 Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): e #选择扩展分区 Partition number (2-4, default 2): 3 #扩展分区编号/dev/sdb3 First sector (206848-6291455, default 206848): #默认回车,从当前扇区开始 Using default value 206848 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (206848-6291455, default 6291455): #默认回车分配所有剩余空间 Using default value 6291455 Partition 3 of type Extended and of size 2.9 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): l #新建逻辑分区 Adding logical partition 5 #默认逻辑分区编号为5 First sector (208896-6291455, default 208896): #逻辑分区起始位置 Using default value 208896 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (208896-6291455, default 6291455): +500M Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set Command (m for help): n #新建第二个逻辑分区,分配剩余空间 Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): l Adding logical partition 6 First sector (1234944-6291455, default 1234944): Using default value 1234944 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1234944-6291455, default 6291455): Using default value 6291455 Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2.4 GiB is set Command (m for help): w 保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
查看分区:
[root@linux-node2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 3G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 100M 0 part
├─sdb3 8:19 0 1K 0 part
├─sdb5 8:21 0 500M 0 part
└─sdb6 8:22 0 2.4G 0 part
格式化分区:
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
手动挂载:
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mkdir /datasdb1
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /datasdb1/
开机自动挂载:
[root@linux-node2 ~]# echo "/dev/sdb1 /datasdb1 ext4 defaults 0 0 " >> /etc/fstab
检查挂载情况:
[root@linux-node2 ~]# df -h
如果磁盘分区为gpt需要转换为mbr,请使用parted命令,再使用fdisk分区
[root@linux-node2 ~]# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mklabel msdos Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue? Yes/No? y