CENTOS7静默安装ORACLE11G及数据泵迁移
2021年2月4日江苏淮安特钢
CENTOS7静默安装ORACLE11G及数据泵迁移
作者:查小广(北京红河谷时代信息技术有限公司)
检化验系统LIMS 数据库迁移
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
lims数据库oracle:192.168.20.6/orcl 管理员密码 zhh:952260 应用:hglims magpie
系统版本:Centos X64 7 (3.10.0-1160.11.1.el7.x86_64)
系统配置:8c,16G
千万不要使用其他版本,会有一堆奇奇怪怪的问题,使用centos7或者redhat7就好
迁移前虚拟机ip为192.168.20.4
迁移前老数据库地址为192.168.20.6
配置hostname为LIMSDBSVR2021
hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
echo "127.0.0.1 oracledb" >> /etc/hosts
关闭selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
检查与安装软件依赖环境
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
创建用户和安装组,设置密码
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
输入密码
配置内核参数和资源限制
在/etc/sysctl.conf添加如下参数,如果系统中某个参数高于下面的参数的值 ,保留较大的值,下面的数值只是官方要求的最小值,可以根据系统调整数值,以优化系统性能
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
使内核参数生效
sysctl -p
在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下参数
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
在/etc/pam.d/login文件中,添加下面内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
/etc/profile 文件中添加如下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
使用/etc/profile文件生效
source /etc/profile
禁用使用Transparent HugePages,查看是否启用 如果显示 [always]说明启用了
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
禁用Transparent HugePages,在/etc/grub.conf添加如下内容
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
挂盘分区等操作
使用fdisk -l查看虚拟机的硬盘,找到类似 Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB 字样
使用fdisk /dev/vdb 命令进行分区,输入n(创建)、p(主分区)、然后默认执行,最后 w 完成
格式化分区 mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb1
挂载分区 mount -t xfs /dev/vdb1 /data
在/etc/fstab 中加入一行,让系统开机自动挂载
UUID=8e741650-c98c-4d42-9381-959185885c95 /data xfs defaults 0 0
(uuid是 blkid /dev/vdb1 查询来的)
创建oracle安装目录
mkdir -p /data/app/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/
chmod -R 775 /data/app/
配置oracle用户环境变量
直接在root用户编辑:/home/oracle/.bash_profile 添加下面内容(具体值根据实际情况修改)
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=LIMSDBSVR2021
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
准备oracle 11g安装文件,确保和源库保持一致版本
下载后上传到 /data 目录
解压下载好的两个Oracle数据库文件
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data
复制与创建响应文件
mkdir -p /data/etc
cp /data/database/response/* /data/etc/
修改/data/etc/db_install.rsp修改以下变量的值,注意是按键值修改,不要整体覆盖替换
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
开始安装(一定要切换到oracle用户,中间横杠有空格)
su - oracle
cd /data/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
安装需要很长时间(5-10分钟),安装完成后有如下提示,如果有类似如下提示,说明安装完成
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/data/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
使用root用户执行脚本(切记是root用户)
su - root
sh /data/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
配置监听程序(不需要修改响应文件)
su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp
会得到如下结果:
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /data/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
可以检查一下监听
netstat -tnpl | grep 1521
静默创建数据库
需要编辑应答文件/data/etc/dbca.rsp (这个时候要去查老数据库,保持一致为妥)
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "zhh:952660"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "zhh:952660"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "zhh:952660"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "zhh:952660"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "12288"
执行静默建库(注意切换到oracle用户)
su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp
执行有点慢(1-2分钟),如果很快可能是出错了
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
查看进程 如果看到一堆oracle进程就成功了
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
结果:
oracle 19304 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 19306 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 19310 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 19312 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 19314 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 19316 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 19318 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 19320 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 19322 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 19324 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 19326 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 19328 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 19330 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 19332 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 19334 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 19336 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 19338 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 19361 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 19376 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 19396 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 19398 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
结果:
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-FEB-2021 16:50:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 03-FEB-2021 23:29:06
Uptime 0 days 17 hr. 21 min. 42 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/limsdbsvr2021/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=limsdbsvr2021)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
至此数据库就安装成功了,设置Oracle开机启动
修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart 改 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut 改 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改vi /etc/oratab --> orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
'status')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
开机启动oracle
chkconfig oracle on
给启动文件加权限
cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
防火墙配置放开Oracle的端口,或者直接关闭防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
在新的服务器做迁移准备工作:
1、调整redo日志大小为1024MB
2、调整oracle进程数和连接数为800/1000
3、修改oracle自动归档并设置归档日志目录为/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/
重新启动数据库
查询到老数据库的用户、表空间、字符集 HGLIMS TS_LIMS 在新数据库创建用户和表空间
create tablespace TS_LIMS datafile '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data_ts_lims.dbf' size 1024m autoextend on next 50M maxsize unlimited;
create tablespace TS_MES datafile '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data_ts_mes.dbf' size 1024m autoextend on next 50M maxsize unlimited;
create user hglims identified by "magpie" default tablespace TS_LIMS;
grant connect,dba,resource to hglims;
grant unlimited tablespace to hglims;
在测试导入的过程中,发现如下错误,提前解决,以便正式迁移的时候不影响
ORA-01917: user or role 'HGMES' does not exist
ORA-01917: user or role 'DANIELI' does not exist
ORA-01917: user or role 'QMS' does not exist
ORA-01917: user or role 'MES_BKD' does not exist
ORA-01917: user or role 'FR' does not exist
ORA-04052: error occurred when looking up remote object JSERP.JYD@LIMS_ERP
ORA-04052: error occurred when looking up remote object JSERP.U_DJSTCL@LIMS_ERP
找到老数据库关于这些user和dblink的ddl语句,在新库重建即可
在老数据库上面准备导出动作(使用防火墙关闭1521端口对外,防止数据库变动)
查询逻辑导出目录
select * from dba_directories;
查询到有可以使用的 EXPDPBAK f:\expdpbak
如果没有可以创建
create directory EXPDPBAK as 'f:\expdpbak';
grant read,write on directory EXPDPBAK to hglims;
使用以下命令导出
expdp hglims/magpie@orcl schemas=hglims dumpfile=lims_20210204_1600.dmp DIRECTORY=EXPDPBAK
dumpfile可以自己改名,导出大约8分钟,文件存放在f:\expdpbak
上传dmp文件到新服务器192.168.20.4
使用xtp工具即可,上传到/data/dump, 切记文件要归属与oracle用户,注意linux大小写
修改老数据库地址为 192.168.20.8
在新数据库准备导入工作
查询逻辑导出目录
select * from dba_directories;
如果没有可以创建
create directory EXPDPBAK as '/data/dump';
grant read,write on directory EXPDPBAK to hglims;
使用以下命令导入
impdp hglims/magpie@orcl directory=EXPDPBAK dumpfile=LIMS_20210204_1600.DMP schemas=hglims
dumpfile和之前导出的对应,注意文件名大小写,导入大约5分钟,文件存放在/data/dump
导入完成后,修改新数据库地址为192.168.20.6,重启网络
ifconfig eth0 192.168.20.6 netmask 255.255.255.0
systemctl start network
测试检化验客户端
完成迁移