二维码的妙用:通过Zxing实现wifi账号password分享功能
二维码是搭载信息的一种载体,通过二维码能够传递名片、网址、商品信息等,本文讲到二维码的第二种妙用:通过二维码实现wifi账号和password分享。
关于二维码的基础知识,请訪问:二维码的生成细节和原理
试想这样一种场景:一伙人去同一餐馆或者在一起开会,有的人之前去过且已经使用过那个场景的wifi账号。所以一去手机就能够直接连上那里的wifi,但有的同学是第一次去。也有连接wifi的需求,这时我们通常是通过别人告知wifi账号和password然后手动登陆。但问题是有时候已经连上wifi的人也不记得wifi的password了。本文结合这个需求场景。做了一个wifi账号和password分享的小demo。前提是两方都须要安装这个app,而且分享wifi的一方须要有root权限(眼下是。也能够将分享wifi的client作为热点,然后将热点分享给其它人,这个能够自行研究),这样降低了手动输入password的麻烦。
本文主要介绍通过二维码实现wifi分享的两个核心功能:
1、获取本机已经连接上的wifi账号、password和加密方式。
2、给定指定内容生成二维码,扫描二维码解析出当中搭载的信息。
1、获取本机已经连接上的wifi账号、password和加密方式:
全部的事情都能够通过以下这个类搞定:
public class WifiAdmin { public WifiAdmin(Context context) { mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); mWifiInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo(); } // 打开WIFI public void openWifi() { if (!mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) { mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true); } } // 关闭WIFI public void closeWifi() { if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) { mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false); } } // 检查当前WIFI状态 public int checkState() { return mWifiManager.getWifiState(); } // 锁定WifiLock public void acquireWifiLock() { mWifiLock.acquire(); } // 解锁WifiLock public void releaseWifiLock() { // 推断时候锁定 if (mWifiLock.isHeld()) { mWifiLock.acquire(); } } // 创建一个WifiLock public void creatWifiLock() { mWifiLock = mWifiManager.createWifiLock("Test"); } // 得到配置好的网络 public List<WifiConfiguration> getConfiguration() { return mWifiConfiguration; } // 指定配置好的网络进行连接 public void connectConfiguration(int index) { // 索引大于配置好的网络索引返回 if (index > mWifiConfiguration.size()) { return; } // 连接配置好的指定ID的网络 mWifiManager.enableNetwork(mWifiConfiguration.get(index).networkId, true); } public void startScan() { mWifiManager.startScan(); // 得到扫描结果 mWifiList = mWifiManager.getScanResults(); // 得到配置好的网络连接 mWifiConfiguration = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks(); } // 得到网络列表 public List<ScanResult> getWifiList() { return mWifiList; } // 查看扫描结果 @SuppressLint("UseValueOf") public StringBuilder lookUpScan() { StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < mWifiList.size(); i++) { stringBuilder.append("Index_" + new Integer(i + 1).toString() + ":"); // 将ScanResult信息转换成一个字符串包 当中把包含:BSSID、SSID、capabilities、frequency、level stringBuilder.append((mWifiList.get(i)).toString()); stringBuilder.append("/n"); } return stringBuilder; } // 得到MAC地址 public String getMacAddress() { return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getMacAddress(); } // 得到接入点的BSSID public String getBSSID() { return (mWifiInfo == null) ? "NULL" : mWifiInfo.getBSSID(); } // 得到IP地址 public int getIPAddress() { return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getIpAddress(); } // 得到连接的ID public int getNetworkId() { return (mWifiInfo == null) ? 0 : mWifiInfo.getNetworkId(); } // 得到WifiInfo的全部信息包 public WifiInfo getWifiInfo() { return mWifiInfo; } // 加入一个网络并连接 public void addNetwork(WifiConfiguration wcg) { int wcgID = mWifiManager.addNetwork(wcg); boolean b = mWifiManager.enableNetwork(wcgID, true); System.out.println("a--" + wcgID); System.out.println("b--" + b); } // 断开指定ID的网络 public void disconnectWifi(int netId) { mWifiManager.disableNetwork(netId); mWifiManager.disconnect(); } // 然后是一个实际应用方法。仅仅验证过没有密码的情况: // 分为三种情况:1没有密码2用wep加密3用wpa加密 public WifiConfiguration CreateWifiInfo(String SSID, String password, int type) { WifiConfiguration config = new WifiConfiguration(); config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear(); config.allowedGroupCiphers.clear(); config.allowedKeyManagement.clear(); config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear(); config.allowedProtocols.clear(); config.SSID = "\"" + SSID + "\""; WifiConfiguration tempConfig = this.IsExsits(SSID); if (tempConfig != null) { mWifiManager.removeNetwork(tempConfig.networkId); } if (type == 1) { // WIFICIPHER_NOPASS config.wepKeys[0] = ""; config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE); config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0; } if (type == 2) { // WIFICIPHER_WEP config.hiddenSSID = true; config.wepKeys[0] = "\"" + password + "\""; config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104); config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE); config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0; } if (type == 3) { // WIFICIPHER_WPA config.preSharedKey = "\"" + password + "\""; config.hiddenSSID = true; config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP); config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK); config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.TKIP); // config.allowedProtocols.set(WifiConfiguration.Protocol.WPA); config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP); config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.CCMP); config.status = WifiConfiguration.Status.ENABLED; } return config; } private WifiConfiguration IsExsits(String SSID) { List<WifiConfiguration> existingConfigs = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks(); if (null == existingConfigs) { return null; } for (WifiConfiguration existingConfig : existingConfigs) { System.out.println("existingConfig == " + existingConfig.toString()); if (existingConfig.SSID.equals("\"" + SSID + "\"")) { System.out.println("existingConfig.SSID == " + existingConfig.SSID + " SSID == " + SSID); return existingConfig; } } return null; } public List<UserWifiInfo> getUserWifiInfoList( ) throws Exception { List<UserWifiInfo> wifiInfos=new ArrayList<UserWifiInfo>(); Process process = null; DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = null; DataInputStream dataInputStream = null; StringBuffer wifiConf = new StringBuffer(); try { process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su"); dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream()); dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(process.getInputStream()); dataOutputStream.writeBytes("cat /data/misc/wifi/*.conf\n"); dataOutputStream.writeBytes("exit\n"); dataOutputStream.flush(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader( dataInputStream, "UTF-8"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader( inputStreamReader); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { wifiConf.append(line); } bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); process.waitFor(); } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { try { if (dataOutputStream != null) { dataOutputStream.close(); } if (dataInputStream != null) { dataInputStream.close(); } process.destroy(); } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } } Pattern network = Pattern.compile("network=\\{([^\\}]+)\\}", Pattern.DOTALL); Matcher networkMatcher = network.matcher(wifiConf.toString() ); while (networkMatcher.find() ) { String networkBlock = networkMatcher.group(); Pattern ssid = Pattern.compile("ssid=\"([^\"]+)\""); Matcher ssidMatcher = ssid.matcher(networkBlock); if (ssidMatcher.find() ) { UserWifiInfo wifiInfo=new UserWifiInfo(); wifiInfo.Ssid=ssidMatcher.group(1); Pattern psk = Pattern.compile("psk=\"([^\"]+)\""); Matcher pskMatcher = psk.matcher(networkBlock); if (pskMatcher.find() ) { wifiInfo.Password=pskMatcher.group(1); } else { wifiInfo.Password="无密码"; } wifiInfos.add(wifiInfo); } } return wifiInfos; } private WifiManager mWifiManager = null; private WifiInfo mWifiInfo = null; private List<ScanResult> mWifiList = null; private List<WifiConfiguration> mWifiConfiguration = null; private WifiLock mWifiLock = null; }
使用到wifi的各种功能。记得添加对应地权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" > </uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" > </uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" > </uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" > </uses-permission>
2、给定指定内容生成二维码,扫描二维码解析出当中搭载的信息:
本文使用到了开源二维码项目zxing,关于zxing的很多其它介绍请參看:二维码、条形码扫描——使用Google ZXing
(1)将指定内容生成二维码的方法例如以下:
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation") private void generate( String result ){ if( TextUtils.isEmpty( result ) ){ return; } try{ //推断result合法性 if (result == null || "".equals(result) || result.length() < 1){ return; } Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8"); //图像数据转换,使用了矩阵转换 BitMatrix bitMatrix = new QRCodeWriter().encode(result, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QR_WIDTH, QR_HEIGHT, hints); int[] pixels = new int[QR_WIDTH * QR_HEIGHT]; //以下这里依照二维码的算法,逐个生成二维码的图片。 //两个for循环是图片横列扫描的结果 for (int y = 0; y < QR_HEIGHT; y++){ for (int x = 0; x < QR_WIDTH; x++){ if (bitMatrix.get(x, y)){ pixels[y * QR_WIDTH + x] = 0xff000000; }else{ pixels[y * QR_WIDTH + x] = 0xffffffff; } } } //生成二维码图片的格式,使用ARGB_8888 Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(QR_WIDTH, QR_HEIGHT, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, QR_WIDTH, 0, 0, QR_WIDTH, QR_HEIGHT); //显示到一个ImageView上面 mResultImg.setBackground( new BitmapDrawable( bitmap ) ); decodeBitmap( bitmap ); }catch (WriterException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private String decodeBitmap( Bitmap bitmap ){ MultiFormatReader multiFormatReader = new MultiFormatReader(); // 解码的參数 Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>(2); // 能够解析的编码类型 Vector<BarcodeFormat> decodeFormats = new Vector<BarcodeFormat>(); if (decodeFormats == null || decodeFormats.isEmpty()) { decodeFormats = new Vector<BarcodeFormat>(); // 这里设置可扫描的类型,我这里选择了都支持 decodeFormats.addAll(DecodeFormatManager.ONE_D_FORMATS); decodeFormats.addAll(DecodeFormatManager.QR_CODE_FORMATS); decodeFormats.addAll(DecodeFormatManager.DATA_MATRIX_FORMATS); } hints.put(DecodeHintType.POSSIBLE_FORMATS, decodeFormats); // 设置继续的字符编码格式为UTF8 // hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF8"); // 设置解析配置參数 multiFormatReader.setHints(hints); // 開始对图像资源解码 try { Result rawResult = multiFormatReader.decodeWithState(new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer( new com.uperone.zxing.decoding.BitmapLuminanceSource(bitmap)))); mDecodeReslutTxt.setText(new StringBuilder().append("包含内容:") .append(rawResult.getText()).append("\n编码方式:") .append(rawResult.getBarcodeFormat()).toString()); } catch (NotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }
(2)解析出二维码中搭载的内容方法例如以下:
/** * Decode the data within the viewfinder rectangle, and time how long it took. For efficiency, * reuse the same reader objects from one decode to the next. * * @param data The YUV preview frame. * @param width The width of the preview frame. * @param height The height of the preview frame. */ private void decode(byte[] data, int width, int height) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Result rawResult = null; PlanarYUVLuminanceSource source = CameraManager.get().buildLuminanceSource(data, width, height); BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source)); try { rawResult = multiFormatReader.decodeWithState(bitmap); } catch (ReaderException re) { // continue } finally { multiFormatReader.reset(); } if (rawResult != null) { long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); Log.d(TAG, "Found barcode (" + (end - start) + " ms):\n" + rawResult.toString()); Message message = Message.obtain(activity.getHandler(), R.id.decode_succeeded, rawResult); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putParcelable(DecodeThread.BARCODE_BITMAP, source.renderCroppedGreyscaleBitmap()); message.setData(bundle); //Log.d(TAG, "Sending decode succeeded message..."); message.sendToTarget(); } else { Message message = Message.obtain(activity.getHandler(), R.id.decode_failed); message.sendToTarget(); } }
@Override public void handleMessage(Message message) { switch (message.what) { case R.id.auto_focus: //Log.d(TAG, "Got auto-focus message"); // When one auto focus pass finishes, start another. This is the closest thing to // continuous AF. It does seem to hunt a bit, but I'm not sure what else to do. if (state == State.PREVIEW) { CameraManager.get().requestAutoFocus(this, R.id.auto_focus); } break; case R.id.restart_preview: Log.d(TAG, "Got restart preview message"); restartPreviewAndDecode(); break; case R.id.decode_succeeded: Log.d(TAG, "Got decode succeeded message"); state = State.SUCCESS; Bundle bundle = message.getData(); Bitmap barcode = bundle == null ? null : (Bitmap) bundle.getParcelable(DecodeThread.BARCODE_BITMAP); activity.handleDecode((Result) message.obj, barcode); break; case R.id.decode_failed: // We're decoding as fast as possible, so when one decode fails, start another. state = State.PREVIEW; CameraManager.get().requestPreviewFrame(decodeThread.getHandler(), R.id.decode); break; case R.id.return_scan_result: Log.d(TAG, "Got return scan result message"); activity.setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, (Intent) message.obj); activity.finish(); break; case R.id.launch_product_query: Log.d(TAG, "Got product query message"); String url = (String) message.obj; Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(url)); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET); activity.startActivity(intent); break; } }
public void handleDecode(final Result obj, Bitmap barcode){ inactivityTimer.onActivity(); playBeepSoundAndVibrate(); String result = obj.getText(); if(!TextUtils.isEmpty( result ) ){ System.out.println( "result == " + result ); String[] results = result.split( "#" ); String user = results[ 0 ]; String password = results[ 1 ]; int type = Integer.parseInt( results[ 2 ] ); WifiAdmin wifiAdmin = new WifiAdmin(this); wifiAdmin.openWifi(); wifiAdmin.addNetwork(wifiAdmin.CreateWifiInfo(user, password, type)); Toast.makeText( this, result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show( ); } }
本例在扫描二维码时使用到了相机功能,所以须要加上关于camera的一些权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" > </uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" > </uses-permission> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FLASHLIGHT" />
关于demo的具体功能和各功能的具体代码可到这里下载demo体验。