c++新特性---引用变量

一、定义

引用变量是已定义变量的别名,如将ra设置为a的引用变量,则可以使用ra和a交替使用该变量。

表示:

int a = 5;

int & ra = a;

其中&不是地址运算符,而是类型标示符的一部分。 

二、含义

使用引用变量ra和变量a都指向同一个地址,都可以改变变量的值。

三、引用变量和指针的区别

int a = 100;

int & ra = a;     //ra a reference

int * pa = &a;  //pa a pointer

1、表示法不同:

表达式ra和*pa都可以和a交换,而表达式&ra和pa都可以和&a交换。

2、初始化不同:

引用变量必须在声明时初始化

int a;

int & ra = a;

指针可以先声明,再初始化

int a;

int * pa;

pa = &a;

四、应用

1、可以通过初始化设置引用,不可以通过赋值设置:

int A = 2;
int & a = A;
cout << "A = " << A << ",a = " << a << endl;
cout << "A adress = " << &A << ",a address = " << &a << endl;
int b = 3;
a = b;
cout << "A = " << A << ",a = " << a << ",b = " << b << endl;
cout << "A adress = " << &A << ",a address = " << &a << ",b address = " << &b << endl;

——————程序运行结果——————

A = 2,a = 2
A adress = 0x22fef8,a address = 0x22fef8
A = 3,a = 3,b = 3
A adress = 0x22fef8,a address = 0x22fef8,b address = 0x22fef4

由上可知,a = b,等同于A = b;结果是a和A的值都变成了3,但是两个变量的地址没变,说明不可以通过赋值设置引用变量,一旦初始化设置了就不可以改变。

2、将引用用作函数参数:

void swapv(int m, int n){
int temp;
temp = m;
m = n;
n = temp;
}

void swapp(int * m, int * n){
int temp;
temp = *m;
*m = *n;
*n = temp;
}

void swapr(int & m, int & n){
int temp;
temp = m;
m = n;
n = temp;
}

 

int a = 2;
int b = 6;
swapv(a, b);
cout << "use value " << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
swapp(&a, &b);
cout << "use pointer " << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
swapr(a, b);
cout << "use reference chang again " << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

——————程序运行结果——————

use value a = 2, b = 6
use pointer a = 6, b = 2
use reference chang again a = 2, b = 6

由上可知,只有指针和引用变量可以交换数据,赋值方式不可。

posted @ 2015-01-13 15:40  Self_improve  阅读(193)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报