@修改用户(user)信息
修改用户信息(usermod)
修改用户信息最主要的命令是usermod命令,其参数跟useradd基本一致。
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修改UID
[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2002:2002::/home/xiaoyu:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# usermod -u 2302 xiaoyu [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2002::/home/xiaoyu:/bin/bash
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修改基本组及附加组
# 基本组 : 一个用户必须拥有的哪个组 [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2002::/home/xiaoyu:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# id xiaoyu uid=2302(xiaoyu) gid=2002(xiaoyu) groups=2002(xiaoyu) [root@localhost ~]# usermod -g group1 xiaoyu [root@localhost ~]# id xiaoyu uid=2302(xiaoyu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1) [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2003::/home/xiaoyu:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# # 附加组 : 用户加入的其他用户组 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd group1 [root@localhost ~]# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1000(oldboy),1001(sssssssssssssssssssssss),1002(test) [root@localhost ~]# usermod -G group1 root [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/group group1:x:2003:root
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修改家目录
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -d /home/xiaoyu123 xiaoyu # 注:修改家目录仅仅修改了配置,而原来的家目录文件没有迁移
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修改用户描述信息
[root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2003::/home/xiaoyu123:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# usermod -c "这是一个甩锅" xiaoyu [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2003:这是一个甩锅:/home/xiaoyu123:/bin/bash
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修改用户默认解析器
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -s /bin/sh xiaoyu [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd xiaoyu:x:2302:2003:这是一个甩锅:/home/xiaoyu123:/bin/sh
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锁定与解锁
[root@localhost home]# usermod -L xiaoyu [root@localhost home]# usermod -U xiaoyu
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修改登录名称
[root@localhost home]# usermod -l dayu xiaoyu [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd dayu:x:2302:2003:这是一个甩锅:/home/xiaoyu123:/bin/bash
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追加
[root@localhost home]# id dayu uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),1000(oldboy) [root@localhost home]# usermod -G root dayu [root@localhost home]# id dayu uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),0(root) [root@localhost home]# usermod -G oldboy dayu [root@localhost home]# id dayu uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),1000(oldboy) [root@localhost home]# usermod -a -G root dayu [root@localhost home]# id dayu uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),0(root),1000(oldboy)
密码(passwd)
修改或添加Linux普通用户的密码。直接影响的文件是/etc/shadow
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增加或修改密码
当用户密码不存在的时候即为增加密码,当用户密码存在时即为修改密码。
[root@localhost home]# useradd password [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd password:x:2303:2303::/home/password:/bin/bash [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/shadow password:!!:18701:0:99999:7::: [root@localhost home]# passwd password Changing password for user password. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd password:x:2303:2303::/home/password:/bin/bash [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/shadow password:$6$.EmM.4Bl$f.LimfvMsxxFZq6yFklfyk08JKQORdQovlk2a2dtrpkP31lAMLQpezFqLheBYOTm4Sur9aAqZlC/6MN6wHFBM1:18701:0:99999:7::: [root@localhost home]#
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免交互修改密码
[root@localhost home]# echo "123" | passwd --stdin dayu Changing password for user dayu. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
用户组
就类似于班级,是某个同权限用户的集合。
创建组
[root@localhost home]# groupadd group2
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group
group2:x:2304:
[root@localhost home]#
- 指定gid
[root@localhost home]# groupadd -g 2204 group3
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group
group3:x:2204:
- 创建系统组
[root@localhost home]# groupadd -r group4
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group
group4:x:996:
修改组
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修改名称
[root@localhost home]# tail -8 /etc/group girl:x:2001: [root@localhost home]# groupmod -n boy girl [root@localhost home]# tail -8 /etc/group boy:x:2001:
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修改gid
[root@localhost home]# groupmod -g 2021 boy [root@localhost home]# tail -8 /etc/group boy:x:2021:
删除组
用户组在系统中删除,如果一个组被用户占用则不能删除。
[root@localhost home]# groupdel group4
[root@localhost home]# tail -8 /etc/group
dajige:x:1003:
abc:x:2000:
xiaoyu:x:2002:
group1:x:2003:root
password:x:2303:
group2:x:2304:
group3:x:2204:
boy:x:2021:
[root@localhost home]#
# 注:用户被删除,用户基本组也会被删除
[root@localhost home]# useradd test-group-del
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
test-group-del:x:2304:2305::/home/test-group-del:/bin/bash
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group
test-group-del:x:2305:
[root@localhost home]# userdel -r test-group-del
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
password:x:2303:2303::/home/password:/bin/bash
[root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group
boy:x:2021:
[root@localhost home]#
组成员管理
# 添加一个组到用户
[root@localhost home]# useradd gtest
[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/group
[root@localhost home]# id gtest
uid=2304(gtest) gid=2305(gtest) groups=2305(gtest),2204(group3)
[root@localhost home]# gpasswd -a gtest group2
Adding user gtest to group group2
[root@localhost home]# id gtest
uid=2304(gtest) gid=2305(gtest) groups=2305(gtest),2304(group2),2204(group3)
# 添加多个组到用户
[root@localhost home]# gpasswd -M gtest,root,dayu group
gpasswd: group 'group' does not exist in /etc/group
[root@localhost home]# gpasswd -M gtest,root,dayu group3
[root@localhost home]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),2000(abc),2003(group1),2204(group3)
[root@localhost home]# id dayu
uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),0(root),1000(oldboy),2204(group3)
[root@localhost home]# id gtest
uid=2304(gtest) gid=2305(gtest) groups=2305(gtest),2304(group2),2204(group3)
# 为一个组添加组长(组长有权限向组内添加用户,其他用户[除root外]没有权限添加用户到该组)
[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd -A dayu group3
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/gshadow
group3:!:dayu:gtest,dayu,oldboy
# 组权限
[root@localhost ~]# id dayu
uid=2302(dayu) gid=2003(group1) groups=2003(group1),1000(oldboy),2204(group3)
[root@localhost ~]# chown .group3 /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root group3 4 Mar 15 11:35 /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost ~]# chmod g+w /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/12.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root group3 4 Mar 15 11:35 /tmp/12.txt
[root@localhost ~]# su - dayu
Last login: Mon Mar 15 11:37:05 CST 2021 on pts/3
[dayu@localhost ~]$ echo "456" > /tmp/12.txt
[dayu@localhost ~]$ cat /tmp/12.txt
456
[dayu@localhost ~]$
本文来自博客园,作者:ଲ一笑奈&何,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/zeny/p/15121625.html