R rshape 重新有规律的transpose数据

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rm(list = ls())
# prepare the data
data <- data.frame(A=c(47,65,44,59,62,37,51),
                   B=c(68,55,49,62,70,59,63),
                   C=c(78,76,72,81,76,71,83),
                   D=c(85,65,81,98,75,92,79))
head(data)

# convert data from a wide format to a long format.
library(reshape2)
data_long <- melt(data, measure.vars= c("A","B","C","D"))
head(data_long)