数据库中触发器before与after认识

Before与After区别:

before:(insert、update)可以对new进行修改,after不能对new进行修改,两者都不能修改old数据。

 

对于INSERT语句, 只有NEW是合法的;

对于DELETE语句,只有OLD才合法;

对于UPDATE语句,NEW、OLD可以同时使用。

 

例子如下:

1 mysql> select * from t1; 
2 +----+-------+
3 | id | name |
4 +----+-------+
5 | 1 | zhang |
6 +----+-------+

 

1 mysql> delimiter //
2 mysql> create trigger tb before update on t1 
3     -> for each row
4     -> begin
5     -> set NEW.id=NEW.id+5;
6     -> set NEW.name=upper(NEW.name);
7     -> insert into t2 values(NEW.id,NEW.name);
8     -> end;//

 

1 分隔符换回分号
2 mysql> delimiter ;

 

 1 mysql> update t1 set name='huang' where id=1;
 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 3 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 4 
 5 mysql> select * from t1 ;                    
 6 +----+-------+
 7 | id | name  |
 8 +----+-------+
 9 |  6 | HUANG |
10 +----+-------+
11 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1 mysql> select * from t2;
2 +----+-------+
3 | id | name  |
4 +----+-------+
5 |  6 | HUANG |
6 +----+-------+
7 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

由上可知,如果trigger用的是before,则可以修改new的值,并写入到数据库中

 

 1 同样的代码,把before改成after,则会报错
 2 mysql> delimiter //
 3 mysql> create trigger ta after update on t1  
 4     -> for each row
 5     -> begin
 6     -> set NEW.id=NEW.id+5;
 7     -> set NEW.name=upper(NEW.name);
 8     -> insert into t2 values (NEW.id,NEW.name);
 9     -> end;//
10 ERROR 1362 (HY000): Updating of NEW row is not allowed in after trigger

 

将after内容改写如下:运行正常

 1 mysql> delimiter //
 2 mysql> create trigger ta after update on t1 for each row
 3     -> begin
 4     -> insert into t2 values (OLD.id,NEW.name);
 5     -> end;//
 6 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 7 
 8 mysql> delimiter ;
 9 mysql> update t1 set name='chen' where id=6;
10 
11 mysql> select * from t1;
12 +----+------+
13 | id | name |
14 +----+------+
15 |  6 | chen |
16 +----+------+
17 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
18 
19 mysql> select * from t2;
20 +----+-------+
21 | id | name  |
22 +----+-------+
23 |  6 | HUANG |
24 |  6 | chen  |
25 +----+-------+
26 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 总结如下:

after—是在记录操纵之后触发,是先完成数据的增删改,再触发,触发的语句晚于监视的增删改操作,无法影响前面的增删改动作
before—是在记录操纵之前触发,是先完成触发,再增删改,触发的语句先于监视的增删改,我们就有机会判断,修改即将发生的操作,如:我们在触发之前需要判断new值和old值的大小或关系,如果满足要求就触发,不通过就修改再触发;如:表之间定义的有外键,在删除主键时,必须要先删除外键表,这时就有先后之分,这里before相当于设置了断点,我们可以处理删除外键。

 

posted @ 2015-07-13 19:51  泽锦  阅读(24211)  评论(3编辑  收藏  举报