python3 在macOS 下 pip install mysql 报错：Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.

pip install mysql 报错：

具体报错内容：

 ~ pip install mysql
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting mysql
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9a/52/8d29c58f6ae448a72fbc612955bd31accb930ca479a7ba7197f4ae4edec2/mysql-0.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 kB)
Collecting mysqlclient (from mysql)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/79/33/996dc0ba3f03e2399adc91a7de1f61cb14b57ebdb4cc6eca8a78723043cb/mysqlclient-2.2.4.tar.gz (90 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [27 lines of output]
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists libmariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists libmariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.9_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 327, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.9_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 297, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.9_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 313, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 155, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 49, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 28, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

具体解决方案：

根据错误日志，安装mysqlclient时遇到的问题似乎与[MacOS]上的依赖配置有关。
错误提示建议手动指定MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS和MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS[环境变量]。以下是一些可能的解决步骤：

安装mysql

先，确保你的Mac上安装了MySQL。如果尚未安装，可以通过Homebrew安装：

brew install mysql

安装pkg-config

pkg-config是一个帮助安装软件库的工具，可以提供编译和链接时需要的选项。需要安装它：

brew install pkg-config

配置环境变量（brew安装版）

安装完MySQL和pkg-config后，你需要找到MySQL的头文件和库文件的位置，并设置相应的环境变量。
首先，尝试找到MySQL的安装路径。如果你使用Homebrew安装MySQL，它通常位于/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/下。路径中的版本号可能不同，所以请根据实际情况调整。

然后，设置MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS和MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS环境变量。在终端中运行以下命令（可以直接复制使用 或 根据你的MySQL安装路径调整）：

export MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS=$(mysql_config --cflags)
export MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS=$(mysql_config --libs)

note: Mac环境变量文件操作

# 编辑环境变量配置文件
vim ~/.profile
vim ~/.zshrc

# 加载生效
source ~/.profile
source ~/.zshrc

参考

• home 安装（清华大学镜像）：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/