【Java并发编程】之十一:线程间通信中notify通知的遗漏

notify通知的遗漏很容易理解,即threadA还没开始wait的时候,threadB已经notify了,这样,threadB通知是没有任何响应的,当threadB退出synchronized代码块后,threadA再开始wait,便会一直阻塞等待,直到被别的线程打断。

遗漏通知的代码

​ 下面给出一段代码演示通知是如何遗漏的,如下:

public class MissedNotify extends Object {  
    private Object proceedLock;  
  
    public MissedNotify() {  
        print("in MissedNotify()");  
        proceedLock = new Object();  
    }  
  
    public void waitToProceed() throws InterruptedException {  
        print("in waitToProceed() - entered");  
  
        synchronized ( proceedLock ) {  
            print("in waitToProceed() - about to wait()");  
            proceedLock.wait();  
            print("in waitToProceed() - back from wait()");  
        }  
  
        print("in waitToProceed() - leaving");  
    }  
  
    public void proceed() {  
        print("in proceed() - entered");  
  
        synchronized ( proceedLock ) {  
            print("in proceed() - about to notifyAll()");  
            proceedLock.notifyAll();  
            print("in proceed() - back from notifyAll()");  
        }  
  
        print("in proceed() - leaving");  
    }  
  
    private static void print(String msg) {  
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();  
        System.out.println(name + ": " + msg);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        final MissedNotify mn = new MissedNotify();  
  
        Runnable runA = new Runnable() {  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        //休眠1000ms,大于runB中的500ms,  
                        //是为了后调用waitToProceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,  
                        //从而造成通知的遗漏  
                        Thread.sleep(1000);  
                        mn.waitToProceed();  
                    } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {  
                        x.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                }  
            };  
  
        Thread threadA = new Thread(runA, "threadA");  
        threadA.start();  
  
        Runnable runB = new Runnable() {  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        //休眠500ms,小于runA中的1000ms,  
                        //是为了先调用proceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,  
                        //从而造成通知的遗漏  
                        Thread.sleep(500);  
                        mn.proceed();  
                    } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {  
                        x.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                }  
            };  
  
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runB, "threadB");  
        threadB.start();  
  
        try {   
            Thread.sleep(10000);  
        } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {}  
  
        //试图打断wait阻塞  
        print("about to invoke interrupt() on threadA");  
        threadA.interrupt();  
    }  
}

执行结果如下:

img

​ 分析:由于threadB在执行mn.proceed()之前只休眠了500ms,而threadA在执行mn.waitToProceed()之前休眠了1000ms,因此,threadB会先苏醒,继而执行mn.proceed(),获取到proceedLock的对象锁,继而执行其中的notifyAll(),当退出proceed()方法中的synchronized代码块时,threadA才有机会获取proceedLock的对象锁,继而执行其中的wait()方法,但此时notifyAll()方法已经执行完毕,threadA便漏掉了threadB的通知,便会阻塞下去。后面主线程休眠10秒后,尝试中断threadA线程,使其抛出InterruptedException。

修正后的代码

​ 为了修正MissedNotify,需要添加一个boolean指示变量,该变量只能在同步代码块内部访问和修改。修改后的代码如下:

public class MissedNotifyFix extends Object {  
    private Object proceedLock;  
    //该标志位用来指示线程是否需要等待  
    private boolean okToProceed;  
  
    public MissedNotifyFix() {  
        print("in MissedNotify()");  
        proceedLock = new Object();  
        //先设置为false  
        okToProceed = false;  
    }  
  
    public void waitToProceed() throws InterruptedException {  
        print("in waitToProceed() - entered");  
  
        synchronized ( proceedLock ) {  
            print("in waitToProceed() - entered sync block");  
            //while循环判断,这里不用if的原因是为了防止早期通知  
            while ( okToProceed == false ) {  
                print("in waitToProceed() - about to wait()");  
                proceedLock.wait();  
                print("in waitToProceed() - back from wait()");  
            }  
  
            print("in waitToProceed() - leaving sync block");  
        }  
  
        print("in waitToProceed() - leaving");  
    }  
  
    public void proceed() {  
        print("in proceed() - entered");  
  
        synchronized ( proceedLock ) {  
            print("in proceed() - entered sync block");  
            //通知之前,将其设置为true,这样即使出现通知遗漏的情况,也不会使线程在wait出阻塞  
            okToProceed = true;  
            print("in proceed() - changed okToProceed to true");  
            proceedLock.notifyAll();  
            print("in proceed() - just did notifyAll()");  
  
            print("in proceed() - leaving sync block");  
        }  
  
        print("in proceed() - leaving");  
    }  
  
    private static void print(String msg) {  
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();  
        System.out.println(name + ": " + msg);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        final MissedNotifyFix mnf = new MissedNotifyFix();  
  
        Runnable runA = new Runnable() {  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        //休眠1000ms,大于runB中的500ms,  
                        //是为了后调用waitToProceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,  
                        Thread.sleep(1000);  
                        mnf.waitToProceed();  
                    } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {  
                        x.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                }  
            };  
  
        Thread threadA = new Thread(runA, "threadA");  
        threadA.start();  
  
        Runnable runB = new Runnable() {  
                public void run() {  
                    try {  
                        //休眠500ms,小于runA中的1000ms,  
                        //是为了先调用proceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,  
                        Thread.sleep(500);  
                        mnf.proceed();  
                    } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {  
                        x.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                }  
            };  
  
        Thread threadB = new Thread(runB, "threadB");  
        threadB.start();  
  
        try {   
            Thread.sleep(10000);  
        } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {}  
  
        print("about to invoke interrupt() on threadA");  
        threadA.interrupt();  
    }  
}  

执行结果如下:

img

​ 注意代码中加了注释的部分,在threadB进行通知之前,先将okToProceed置为true,这样如果threadA将通知遗漏,那么就不会进入while循环,也便不会执行wait方法,线程也就不会阻塞。如果通知没有被遗漏,wait方法返回后,okToProceed已经被置为true,下次while循环判断条件不成立,便会退出循环。

​ 这样,通过标志位和wait、notifyAll的配合使用,便避免了通知遗漏而造成的阻塞问题。

总结:在使用线程的等待/通知机制时,一般都要配合一个boolean变量值(或者其他能够判断真假的条件),在notify之前改变该boolean变量的值,让wait返回后能够退出while循环(一般都要在wait方法外围加一层while循环,以防止早期通知),或在通知被遗漏后,不会被阻塞在wait方法处。这样便保证了程序的正确性。

posted @ 2018-04-11 15:37  zailushang1996  阅读(227)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报